主é > æ–‡ç« æŽ¨ä»‹
1. å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹ä½œè€…å¼ çº¯å¦‚èº«äº¡
http://news.bbc.co.uk/chinese/simp/hi/newsid_4000000/newsid_4002300/4002389.stm
《å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹ä¸€ä¹¦ä½œè€…å¼ çº¯å¦‚åœ¨ç¾Žå›½åŠ åˆ©ç¦å°¼äºšèº«äº¡ã€‚å½“åœ°è¦æ–¹è®¤ä¸ºå¥¹è‡ªæ€èº«äº¡ã€‚å¼ çº¯å¦‚æ»åœ¨è‡ªå·±è½¦å†…,有枪伤。
è™½ç„¶è¦æ–¹ä»ç„¶åœ¨è°ƒæŸ¥å¼ 纯如的æ»å› ,但是他们估计她æ»äºŽè‡ªæ€ã€‚
å¼ ä»¥å‰çš„ç»çºªäººè¯´ï¼šå¼ 在为自己的新著åšç ”究工作时,精神崩溃,最近一直ä½åœ¨åŒ»é™¢é‡Œã€‚
美ç±åŽè£”ä½œå®¶å¼ çº¯å¦‚
于1997年出版的《å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹ï¼Œæ˜¯å¥¹æ‰€æœ‰è‘—作ä¸å½±å“最大的书ç±ã€‚
å¥¹åœ¨é‚£æœ¬ä¹¦ä¸æå†™äº†ä¸Šä¸ªä¸–çºª30年代日军在å—京强奸ã€è™å¾…ã€æ€å®³å¤§æ‰¹ä¸å›½å¹³æ°‘的详情。那本书在日本引起了巨大争议。
å¼ çº¯å¦‚è®¤ä¸ºï¼šäºŒæˆ˜ä»¥åŽæ—¥æœ¬æ”¿ç•Œã€å¦æœ¯ç•Œä¸Žæ•™è‚²ç•Œå¯¹äºŽæ—¥æœ¬å†›å›½ä¸»ä¹‰çš„二战罪行采å–了掩盖ã€å¦è®¤æ€åº¦ï¼Œä¸Žå¾·å›½äºŒæˆ˜åŽçš„åçœæ‚”过æ€åº¦ç›¸å。
2003å¹´ï¼Œå¼ çº¯å¦‚å‡ºç‰ˆäº†ã€Šä¸å›½äººåœ¨ç¾Žå›½ã€‹ä¸€ä¹¦ã€‚
她认为早期在美国的ä¸å›½ç§»æ°‘的和平抗争,比如19世纪的é“路工人罢工ç‰ï¼Œæˆä¸ºå…¬æ°‘ç»´æƒçš„èŒƒä¾‹ï¼Œå¹¶ä¸”å¯¹ç¾Žå›½æ°‘æ³•çš„å¥ å®šä½œå‡ºè´¡çŒ®ã€‚
2. Author Iris Chang commits suicide -
Found dead in her car of self-inflicted gunshot - Canadian
Press November 11, 2004
LOS GATOS, Calif. (AP) -- Iris Chang, a best-selling author
who chronicled the Japanese occupation of China and the
history of Chinese immigrants in the United States, was
found dead in her car of a self-inflicted gunshot, authorities
said Wednesday. She was 36.
Chang, who won critical acclaim for her books The Rape
of Nanking and The Chinese in America, was found along
Highway 17 just south of Los Gatos, Santa Clara County
authorities said. On Tuesday morning, a motorist noticed
her car parked on a side road, checked the vehicle and
called police.
The official cause of death has not been released, but
investigators concluded that Chang, who was hospitalized
recently for a breakdown, shot herself in the head. She
lived in San Jose with her husband and two-year-old son.
Born in Princeton, N.J., in 1968 and raised in Champaign-Urbana,
Ill., Chang earned a bachelor's degree in journalism at
the University of Illinois and a master's in science writing
at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore.
Chang worked briefly as a reporter for The Associated
Press and the Chicago Tribune before leaving daily journalism
to pursue her own writing. At age 25, she published her
first book, Thread of the Silkworm, which tells the story
of Tsien Hsue-shen, the Chinese-born physicist who pioneered
China's missile program after being driven from the United
States during the Cold War.
Chang worked briefly as a reporter for The Associated
Press and the Chicago Tribune before leaving daily journalism
to pursue her own writing. At age 25, she published her
first book, Threat of the Silkworm, which tells the story
of Tien Hsue-shen, the Chinese-born physicist who pioneered
China's missile program after being driven from the United
States during the Cold War.
In 1997, Chang published the international bestseller
The Rape of Nanking, which described the rape, torture
and killing of hundreds of thousands of Chinese civilians
by Japanese soldiers in the former Chinese capital during
the 1930s. The Chinese in America, published last year,
is a history of Chinese immigrants and their descendants
in the United States.
The late historian Stephen Ambrose described Chang as
"maybe the best young historian we've got, because
she understands that to communicate history, you've got
to tell the story in an interesting way."
Chang suffered a breakdown and was hospitalized during
a recent trip researching her fourth book about U.S. soldiers
who fought the Japanese in the Philippines during the
Second World War, according to her former editor and agent
Susan Rabiner.
Chang continued to suffer from depression after she was
released from the hospital. In a note to her family, she
asked to be remembered as the person she was before she
became ill -- "engaged with life, committed to her
causes, her writing and her family," Rabiner said.
© The Canadian Press 2004
Copyright © 2004 CanWest Interactive, a division of CanWest
Global Communications Corp. All rights reserved.
Optimized for browser versions 4.0 and higher.
00
3.å¤šç»´è¯¦è®¯ï¼šå¼ çº¯å¦‚ä¸ºä½•å¼€æžªè‡ªæ€ï¼Ÿ http://news.creaders.net/headline/newsPool/11A221306.html
http://www.peacehall.com/news/gb/intl/2004/11/200411112318.shtml
http://www7.chinesenewsnet.com/gb/MainNews/NorthAmerica/2004_11_11_10_7_39_315.html
多维社记者å´ä¼ŸæŠ¥å¯¼ï¼æ’°å†™ã€Šå—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹å’Œã€ŠåŽäººåœ¨ç¾Žå›½ï¼šå£è¿°åކå²ã€‹ç‰ç•…销书并推动一场全çƒåæ—¥è¿åŠ¨çš„ç€ååŽè£”ä½œå®¶å’Œè®°è€…å¼ çº¯å¦‚ï¼Œ11月10日上åˆ9时,被å‘çŽ°äºŽåŠ å·žæ´›æ–¯ç›–æ‰˜æ–¯å—部开枪自æ€ï¼Œå¹´ä»…36å²ã€‚
(chinesenewsnet.com)
åŠ å·žåœ£å¡”å…‹æ‹‰æ‹‰è¦æ–¹è¯´ï¼Œå½“天上åˆ9时接到报案,一辆通勤车在洛斯盖托斯(Los Gatos)å—部的乡æ‘路上,å‘现了已在自己车内æ»äº¡çš„å¼ çº¯å¦‚ï¼Œæœ‰æ˜Žæ˜¾çš„è‡ªæ€æžªä¼¤ã€‚
(chinesenewsnet.com)
è¦æ–¹è¯´ï¼Œå¼ 纯如自æ€åœ°ç‚¹ä½äºŽä¸€ä¸ªç”±å½“地水利局所拥有但尚未开å‘的区域,报案者称,在17å·å…¬è·¯æ—的一æ¡è·¯ä¸Šï¼Œå‘现了一å亚裔女性æ»äºŽè‡ªå·±çš„车内。ç»è¿‡è¦æ–¹åŠéªŒå°¸å®˜è°ƒæŸ¥ï¼Œè¯å®žæ»è€…ä¸ºå¼ çº¯å¦‚ï¼Œæ»äºŽæžªå‡»ã€‚圣塔克拉拉郡è¦å¯Ÿå±€å‘è¨€äººè¯´ï¼Œè¦æ–¹æŽŒæ¡çš„è¯æ®æ˜¾ç¤ºï¼Œå¼ 纯如系在车内用手枪自æ€ã€‚
(chinesenewsnet.com)
æ´›æ‰çŸ¶æ—¶æŠ¥11日在报导ä¸è¯„ä»·è¯´ï¼Œå¼ çº¯å¦‚æ˜¯å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ç‰ç•…销书的作者,也是美国的一å主è¦çš„年轻历å²å¦å®¶å’Œäººæƒæ´»åŠ¨å®¶ï¼Œè¿˜æ˜¯åŽè£”美国å¦ç”Ÿçš„一个楷模。
(chinesenewsnet.com)
å¼ çº¯å¦‚ç”Ÿå‰åŒå…ˆç”Ÿå’Œå„¿åå±…ä½åœ¨åŠ å·žçš„åœ£çº¦ç‘Ÿã€‚å¼ çº¯å¦‚çš„ç»çºªäººè‹çŠ.拉比纳(Susan
Rabiner)呿´›æ‰çŸ¶æ—¶æŠ¥é€éœ²è¯´ï¼Œå¼ 纯如5个月å‰åœ¨ä¸ºå¥¹çš„ç¬¬å››æœ¬ä¹¦è¿›è¡Œç ”ç©¶æ—…è¡Œæ—¶ï¼Œæ›¾å› ç²¾ç¥žå´©æºƒè€Œä½è¿›åŒ»é™¢ã€‚
(chinesenewsnet.com)
å¼ çº¯å¦‚çš„æ–°ä¹¦ä¸»è¦æå†™åœ¨ç¬¬äºŒæ¬¡ä¸–ç•Œå¤§æˆ˜æœŸé—´ï¼Œç¾Žå†›å¦å…‹è¥å®˜å…µåœ¨è²å¾‹å®¾å·´å¦åŠå²›(Bataan
Peninsula)åŒæ—¥å†›ä½œæˆ˜çš„真实ç»åŽ†ï¼ŒåŽæ¥è¿™æ‰¹ç¾Žå†›æˆ˜è´¥ï¼ŒåŽè¢«æ—¥å†›ä¸€ç›´å…³æŠ¼åˆ°äºŒæˆ˜ç»“æŸã€‚ (chinesenewsnet.com)
æ‹‰æ¯”çº³è¯´ï¼Œå¼ çº¯å¦‚å‡ºé™¢åŽç»§ç»åŒç²¾ç¥žåŽ‹æŠ‘ç—‡ææ–—。在留给家人的çŸç¬ºä¸ï¼Œå¼ 纯如希望能被家人记得的是生病å‰çš„她,曾的“çƒçˆ±ç”Ÿæ´»ï¼Œä»¥å†™ä½œå’Œå®¶äººä¸ºç›®æ ‡è€ŒçœŸè¯šå¥‰çŒ®â€çš„人。
(chinesenewsnet.com)
旧金山纪事报报导说,åŽè£”ç€åä½œå®¶å’Œè®°è€…å¼ çº¯å¦‚è‡ªæ€ä»¤è®¸å¤šäººéœ‡æƒŠã€‚曾ç»å¸®åŠ©è¿‡å¼ çº¯å¦‚é‡‡è®¿è¿‡äºŒæˆ˜ç¾Žå›½è€å…µçš„æ—§é‡‘å±±é«˜çº§æ³•é™¢å‰æ³•官Lillian
Sing说:“我深感震惊。她是一个真æ£çš„æ¬²åŒä¸å…¬å¹³ä½œæˆ˜çš„女斗士。â€(chinesenewsnet.com)
å—震惊的朋å‹å’ŒåŒäº‹éƒ½æƒ³çŸ¥é“ï¼Œæ˜¯ä»€ä¹ˆåŽŸå› èƒ½è®©å¼ çº¯å¦‚è¿™æ ·çš„ç²¾åŠ›æ—ºç››å¹¶å……æ»¡çƒæƒ…的年轻女性去自æ€ã€‚曾åŒå¼ çº¯å¦‚ä¸€èµ·å·¥ä½œè¿‡å‡ å¹´ï¼Œå¹¶ä¸€ç›´æƒ³è®©æ—¥æœ¬ä¸ºè¿‡åŽ»çš„æš´è¡Œè€Œå…¬å¼€é“æ‰çš„社会活动家ä¸å…ˆç”Ÿ(Ignatius
Ding)è¯´ï¼Œå¼ çº¯å¦‚ç›®å‰æ£åœ¨å¯¹äºŒæˆ˜ç¾Žå†›æˆ˜ä¿˜çš„录åƒé‡‡è®¿ï¼Œå·²ç»™å¥¹çš„ç²¾ç¥žé€ æˆè´Ÿæ‹…。 (chinesenewsnet.com)
ä¸å…ˆç”Ÿä»‹ç»è¯´ï¼Œå¼ 纯如最近曾去肯塔基州进行调查,å¯èƒ½â€œå‡ºäº†äº›é—®é¢˜â€ï¼Œâ€œè®©å¥¹çœŸçš„éžå¸¸éš¾è¿‡ï¼Œç„¶åŽå°±é£žå›žäº†(ä½äºŽåœ£çº¦ç‘Ÿçš„)å®¶â€ã€‚也从事亚洲二战历å²ç ”ç©¶çš„ä¸å…ˆç”Ÿè¡¨ç¤ºï¼Œä»–ä¸çŸ¥é“å¼ çº¯å¦‚å¯èƒ½åœ¨è‚¯å¡”基州éé‡äº†ä»€ä¹ˆï¼Œä¹Ÿä¸æ¸…楚这些é釿˜¯å¦å°±æ˜¯å¥¹è‡ªæ€çš„åŽŸå› ã€‚
(chinesenewsnet.com)
ä¸å…ˆç”Ÿå¼ºè°ƒè¯´ï¼Œå¼ 纯如是一个“全身心投入â€å†™ä½œçš„作家,在她所写的悲剧故事ä¸ï¼Œå¥¹æ€»æ˜¯æŠŠè‡ªå·±çš„æƒ…感写进去。ä¸å…ˆç”Ÿè¯„ä»·è¯´ï¼Œå¼ çº¯å¦‚â€œä¸€ç›´æ˜¯åŽè£”é’å¹´çš„ä¸€ä¸ªçœŸæ£æ¥·æ¨¡â€ï¼Œå¥¹é¼“励ç€è®¸å¤šå¹´è½»äººæƒ³è¦æˆä¸ºä½œå®¶å’Œè®°è€…,她在“ä¸å›½ä¹ŸåŒæ ·å—到尊é‡â€ã€‚
(chinesenewsnet.com)
æŠ¥å¯¼è¯´ï¼Œå¼ çº¯å¦‚é©¾é©¶çš„1999款的Oldsmobile白色轿车,在洛斯盖托斯的17å·å…¬è·¯æ—的一个ç§å®¶è·¯ä¸Šè¢«å‘çŽ°ã€‚è¦æ–¹ç§°ï¼Œå¼ 纯如æ»äºŽä»Žä¸€æ”¯æ‰‹æŠ¢ä¸æ‰“出的一枚åå¼¹ã€‚è¦æ–¹å‘言人说,从现场å‘çŽ°çš„è¯æ®çœ‹ï¼Œå¼ 纯如明显æ»äºŽè‡ªæ€ã€‚但å‘è¨€äººä¸æ„¿é€éœ²åœ¨çŽ°åœºå‘çŽ°äº†å“ªäº›è¯æ®ï¼Œä»¥åŠå¼ 纯如是å¦åœ¨è‡ªæ€å‰ç•™ä¸‹çŸç¬ºã€‚
(chinesenewsnet.com)
åœ£çº¦ç‘Ÿè¦æ–¹è´Ÿè´£äººè¯´ï¼Œå¼ çº¯å¦‚çš„å…ˆç”Ÿé“æ ¼æ‹‰æ–¯(Brett Douglas)曾于11月9日晨5æ—¶30分å‘è¦æ–¹æŠ¥æ¡ˆï¼Œç§°å¼ çº¯å¦‚å·²å¤±è¸ªã€‚é“æ ¼æ‹‰æ–¯è¯´ï¼Œåœ¨ä»–起床åŽå‘现近æ¥å¤±æœ›çš„妻åä¸çŸ¥åŽ»å‘ï¼Œé“æ ¼æ‹‰æ–¯å¯¹è¦æ–¹è¯´ï¼Œä»–最åŽä¸€æ¬¡è§åˆ°å¦»å是当天凌晨2时。
(chinesenewsnet.com)
ç†Ÿæ‚‰å¼ çº¯å¦‚çš„æœ‹å‹è¯´ï¼Œâ€œå¥¹æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªçƒæƒ…而易接触的人â€ï¼Œâ€œå¤±åŽ»è¿™æ ·ä¸€ä¸ªå¹´è½»åˆæœ‰æ‰åŽçš„人,令人震惊ä¸å·±ã€‚â€äº†è§£å¼ 纯如的一ä½ç¼–辑说,她的去世“是一个é‡å¤§æŸå¤±â€ã€‚好å‹å¸‚è¯„ä»·è¯´ï¼Œå¼ çº¯å¦‚ä¸ä»…是一ä½ä½œå®¶ï¼ŒåŒæ—¶ä¹Ÿæ˜¯ä¸€ä½æŠŠåŽè£”美国人的ç»åŽ†æŽ¨ä»‹ç»™ä¸–ç•Œçš„â€œé‡è¦ç¿»è¯‘å®¶â€ã€‚
(chinesenewsnet.com)
å¼ çº¯å¦‚æ›¾ä»‹ç»è¯´ï¼Œä»Žå°å°±å¬ç¥–父讲述过有关å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€çš„血腥å²å®žï¼Œä½†å¥¹å‘现在美国的历å²ä¹¦ä¸Šç¼ºå°‘对这个é‡å¤§åކå²äº‹ä»¶çš„记载。1996年,当她在å²ä¸¹ç¦å¤§å¦çœ‹åˆ°æœ‰å…³å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€çš„展览时,第一次详细看到有关纪录和照片的她,在震惊之åŽä¾¿ä¸‹å®šä¹¦å†™è¿™æ®µåކå²çš„决定。
(chinesenewsnet.com)
æ®æ‚‰ï¼Œå¼ 纯如出生在新泽西州的普林斯顿,在伊利诺州香槟厄巴纳长大,当时她的父æ¯éƒ½æ˜¯ä¼Šå·žå¤§å¦çš„æ•™æŽˆã€‚1989å¹´ä»Žä¼Šåˆ©è¯ºå¤§å¦æ¯•业åŽï¼Œæ›¾åœ¨ç¾Žè”社和èŠåŠ å“¥è®ºå›æŠ¥å½“è®°è€…ï¼ŒåŽæ¥åœ¨çº¦ç¿°.éœæ™®é‡‘斯大å¦èŽ·å¾—å†™ä½œå¦ä½ï¼Œå¹¶å¼€å§‹å…¨èŒä»Žäº‹å†™ä½œã€‚
(chinesenewsnet.com)
å¼ çº¯å¦‚æ›¾æ˜¯ç¾Žå›½ã€Šè¯»è€…æ–‡æ‘˜ã€‹çš„å°é¢äººç‰©ï¼Œä¹Ÿæ›¾å¤šæ¬¡å‡ºçŽ°åœ¨ç”µè§†èŠ‚ç›®ä¸ï¼Œå¥¹è¿˜ä¸ºåŒ…括纽约时报和新闻周刊在内的主æµåª’ä½“ï¼Œæ’°å†™è¿‡è®¸å¤šè¯„è®ºå’Œæ–‡ç« ã€‚
4. Iris Chang, 36; Author of 'The Rape of Nanking'
By Dennis McLellan Times Staff Writer November 11, 2004
Iris Chang, the best-selling author of "The Rape
of Nanking" and one of the nation's leading young
historians and a human rights activist who became a role
model for young American students of Chinese descent,
has died. She was 36.
Chang was found dead in her car Tuesday morning on a
highway just south of Los Gatos, Calif., Santa Clara County
authorities said Wednesday. They said it appeared that
Chang, who lived in San Jose with her husband and young
son, had died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound.
Susan Rabiner, Chang's literary agent, said Chang had
suffered a breakdown about five months ago during a research
trip for her fourth book. The book focused on the experiences
of men who fought in the U.S. tank battalions in the Bataan
Peninsula in the Philippines and their subsequent imprisonment
by the Japanese for the duration of World War II.
After her release from the hospital, Rabiner said, Chang
continued to battle depression. In a note to her family,
Chang asked to be remembered as the woman she had been
before her illness, engaged with life, committed to her
causes, her writing and her family.
Rabiner was unaware of Chang having any previous problems
with depression. "This was a tragedy way beyond words,"
she said.
Rabiner, who was Chang's editor for "The Rape of
Nanking," views the critically acclaimed 1997 international
bestseller as the best of Chang's three published books.
"The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of
World War II," which Chang spent at least two years
researching in the U.S. and China, chronicles the slaughter,
rape and torture of hundreds of thousands of Chinese civilians
by Japanese soldiers in the former capital of China in
1937.
She was spurred to write the book after her parents told
her the story of her grandparents, who had fled Nanking
as the violence was beginning.
When Chang learned of the crimes in late 1994, she later
recalled, "I was walking around in a state of shock."
While researching her book in China, Chang discovered
that among a small group of Europeans and Americans who
stayed behind in Nanking to protect the remaining one-third
of the city's Chinese population who had not fled the
Japanese army's advance was John Rabe, a German national.
"On a hunch," Rabiner said, "she tracked
down his granddaughter and asked, 'Is it possible your
grandfather kept a diary?' She found it. That was the
first time the diary had been brought to light. Here was
an outsider, a European, who recorded his own contemporaneous
memories of the atrocities that occurred at that time."
The diary, Rabiner said, was one of the most important
independent validations of the Chinese allegations of
Japanese atrocities.
"This is a book I really had to write," Chang
once said in an interview. "I wrote it out of a sense
of rage. I didn't really care if I made a cent from it.
It was important to me that the world knew what happened
in Nanking back in 1937."
The book touched a raw nerve in Japan, and some questioned
some of its assertions.
Of her book, which was on the New York Times bestseller
list for many weeks, columnist George Will wrote: "Something
beautiful, an act of justice, is occurring in America
today concerning something ugly that happened long ago
and far away. Because of Chang's book, the second rape
of Nanking is ending."
The late historian Stephen Ambrose said Chang was "maybe
the best young historian we've got, because she understands
that to communicate history, you've got to tell the story
in an interesting way."
Although most book tours are only a couple of weeks long,
Chang spent a year on the road speaking at colleges and
other forums about "The Rape of Nanking."
"College students couldn't get enough of her,"
Rabiner said. She recalled that Chang also appeared with
the Japanese ambassador to the United States on public
television's "The News Hour with Jim Lehrer."
Rabiner said one of the show's reporters asked Chang
about the Nanking massacre, and Chang said, "We have
yet to receive an apology from anyone in a high level
of the Japanese government."
"And they turned to the Japanese ambassador and
asked him to speak," Rabiner said. "As he described
it, 'There were perhaps some unfortunate incidents.' They
looked back at Iris and she said, 'Unfortunate incidents?
Did you hear an apology? I didn't.' "
"The whole place was riveted," said Rabiner.
"She was very courageous and never harsh, never strident,
in standing her ground."
In an interview with the campus newspaper at Stanford
University last May, Chang said, "I bring up these
crimes to remind us of the potential for evil that lives
in us all. The Pacific War was not some tragic flaw but
an indication of a universal condition of human nature."
The daughter of a physics professor and a microbiologist,
Chang was born in Princeton, N.J., on March 28, 1968,
and grew up in Champaign-Urbana, Ill.
She earned a bachelor's degree in journalism from the
University of Illinois in 1989 and worked briefly as a
reporter for Associated Press and the Chicago Tribune
before earning a graduate degree in writing from Johns
Hopkins University and launching her full-time career
as an author.
She was 25 when she wrote her first book, "Thread
of the Silkworm." Her third book, "The Chinese
in America," described the determination of Chinese
immigrants to take their place in the U.S.
Chang is survived by her husband, Brett Douglas; her
son, Christopher; her parents, Shau-Jin and Ying-Ying
Chang; and her brother, Michael Chang.
Funeral and memorial services are pending.
5. 美国åŽäººçš„艰辛生活 上贴者: 張尿†²
11-10-04
170å¹´å‰çš„一个冬日,纽约æŸåšç‰©é¦†ã€‚æ£åœ¨ä¸¾åŠžä¸€ä¸ªæ–‡åŒ–å±•ã€‚ä¸€ä½æ¥è‡ªå¤§æ´‹å½¼å²¸çš„ä¸å›½å¥³åå在大厅当ä¸ï¼Œå¥¹èº«ç©¿ä¸ç»¸ç»£èб宽æ¾å¼æ——è¢ï¼Œæ—¶è€Œç”¨ç·å夹èœï¼Œæ—¶è€Œæ‹¨å¼„算蹋钜î±ä¿—⒛康氖撬îžå“ªæ’¬î‚〗拧U馕?6å²çš„ä¸å›½å¥³åå嫿¢…é˜¿èŠ³ï¼ˆéŸ³è¯‘ï¼‰ï¼Œå¥¹æ˜¯çŽ°æœ‰å²æ–™è®°è½½çš„第一个到美国的ä¸å›½å¦‡å¥³ã€‚美ç±åŽè£”å¥³ä½œå®¶å¼ çº¯å¦‚åœ¨å¥¹åŽ»å¹´å‡ºç‰ˆçš„æ–°è‘—ã€Šç¾Žå›½åŽäººã€‹ä¸€ä¹¦ä¸è®²è¿°äº†è¿™æ®µåކå²ï¼Œä¹¦ä¸è¿˜é™„æœ‰ä¸€å¼ æ¢…é˜¿èŠ³çš„ç”»åƒã€‚å°±åƒæ¢…é˜¿èŠ³ä¸€æ ·ï¼Œ19世纪30年代去美国的少数åŽäººå¤§éƒ½æ˜¯å‰§å›¢æˆ–马æˆå›¢çš„æ¼”员。
 åŽäººå¯¹ç¾Žå›½ç¤¾ä¼šè´¡çŒ®å“è‘—
 为了写《美国åŽäººã€‹ï¼Œå¼ çº¯å¦‚èŠ±äº†å¥½å‡ å¹´æ—¶é—´æ·±å…¥é‡‡è®¿å’Œå®žåœ°è€ƒè¯ã€‚她在书ä¸å†™é“,在梅阿芳æ¥ç¾Žå›½10多年åŽï¼Œæ›´å¤šçš„åŽäººæ‰å¼€å§‹é™†ç»æ¥åˆ°åŠ åˆ©ç¦å°¼äºšå·žã€‚1848å¹´2æœˆï¼Œç¬¬ä¸€è‰˜ç”±å¹¿å·žé©¶å¾€åŠ å·žçš„æµ·è½®â€œç¾Žå›½é¹°â€å·æŠµè¾¾æ—§é‡‘å±±ï¼Œè¿™æ—¶åŠ å·žæ‰åˆšåˆšå‘现金矿。éšç€åŠ å·žå‘现金矿的消æ¯ä¼ 到ä¸å›½ï¼Œ1849年,æ¥åŠ å·žçš„åŽäººå¢žåŠ åˆ°äº†325人,1851年就达到了2716人。
 1865年,åŽäººç§»æ°‘的人数激增至5万人,其ä¸90%都是é’å¹´ç”·å。åŒå¹´ï¼Œä¸å¤®å¤ªå¹³æ´‹é“è·¯å…¬å¸æ‹›æ”¶äº†ç¬¬ä¸€æ‰¹50åä¸å›½åŠ³å·¥ã€‚çœ‹åˆ°ä¸å›½äººèƒ½åƒè‹¦ã€å·¥èµ„è¦æ±‚低,åˆå分顺从,这家公å¸ä¾¿å¼€å§‹å¤§é‡æ‹›æ”¶åŽäººï¼Œæ€»å…±æœ‰10万åŽå·¥å‚åŠ äº†ç¾Žå›½é“路的修ç‘。书ä¸è®°è¿°äº†è¿™æ ·ä¸€ä¸ªæ•…事:1869å¹´4月,一ä½é›‡ç”¨äº†åŽäººåŠ³å·¥çš„è€æ¿è¯´ï¼Œä»–的工人æ¯å¤©å¯ä»¥é“ºè®¾10英里é“轨。å¦ä¸€ä¸ªé›‡ç”¨çˆ±å°”å…°åŠ³å·¥çš„è€æ¿ä¸æœæ°”。å‰è€…就表示愿以1万美元æ¥èµŒä¸ªè¾“赢。结果,åŽäººåŠ³å·¥åœ¨12å°æ—¶45分钟的时间内铺完了10英里多的é“轨。
 éšç€åŽäººæ•°é‡è¶Šæ¥è¶Šå¤šï¼Œå”人街也开始åˆå…·è§„模。åŽäººæœ€æ—©å¼€è®¾çš„店铺大多是ä¸é¤é¦†å’Œæ´—衣店。《美国åŽäººã€‹ä¸€ä¹¦å¼•述旧金山当地报纸的报é“说,1849年的一次åŽäººèšé¤æœ‰300多人å‚åŠ ã€‚1851年,第一家åŽäººæ´—衣店在旧金山开业,当时的收费是5美元洗一打衬衫。与æ¤åŒæ—¶ï¼Œç»è¥å„å¼ä¸œæ–¹ç¤¼å“çš„åŽäººåº—é“ºä¹Ÿå¼€å§‹å‡ºçŽ°ã€‚å¼ çº¯å¦‚çœ‹åˆ°çš„ä¸€æœ¬1856年出版的åŽäººã€Šåº—铺指å—》上,列有80多家商店,其ä¸è¿˜æœ‰ä¸€å®¶é›•刻å°ç« çš„å°åº—。åŽäººè¿˜åœ¨æ—§é‡‘å±±åŠžèµ·äº†å°æŠ¥ã€Šé‡‘å±±æ–°é—»ã€‹ï¼Œè¿™ä»½æŠ¥çº¸æˆäº†ç¾Žå›½ç¤¾ä¼šçš„ç¬¬ä¸€ä»½å¤–è¯æŠ¥çº¸ã€‚
 作者在书ä¸è¿˜å¯¹å¦‚今在美国æµè¡Œçš„一些带有ä¸å›½è‰²å½©çš„åè¯ä½œäº†è€ƒè¯ï¼Œä¸å°‘故事读æ¥ç›¸å½“有趣,使读者对ä¸è¥¿æ–‡åŒ–çš„äº¤æµæœ‰äº†æ›´å¤šçš„了解。比如,早期的ä¸é¤é¦†ä¸ºäº†è¿Žåˆç¾Žå›½äººçš„å£å‘³ï¼Œä½œè¿‡ä¸å°‘å°è¯•。有一次,一ä½åŽäººåŽ¨å¸ˆæ— æ„ä¸å°†é¢æ¡æŽ‰åˆ°äº†æ²¹é”…é‡Œï¼Œä»–ä¸æ„¿æ‰”æŽ‰ï¼Œå°±åœ¨ç‚¸å¥½çš„é¢æ¡ä¸‹é¢æ”¾äº†äº›ç‚’èœåŽç«¯äº†ä¸ŠåŽ»ã€‚æ²¡æƒ³åˆ°å®¢äººç«Ÿå分喜爱这ç§ç‚¸å¾—焦黄å‘è„†çš„é¢æ¡ã€‚美国的ä¸é¤é¦†ç”±æ¤å¼€å§‹æœ‰äº†â€œç…Žé¢â€ï¼ˆfriednoodles)这é“èœã€‚
ã€€å¼ çº¯å¦‚åœ¨è¿™æœ¬æ–°ä¹¦ä¸è¿˜æŒ–掘了很多ä¸ä¸ºäººçŸ¥çš„åŽäººåˆ›ä¸šæ•…事。如19世纪的åŽäººæžœæ ‘专家å•金功培æ¤ä»¥ä»–åå—å‘½åæŸ‘æ©˜ã€æŸšåã€è‹¹æžœå’Œæ¡ƒåç‰ï¼Œä¸ºç¾Žå›½çš„æ°´æžœä¸šåšå‡ºäº†æ°å‡ºè´¡çŒ®ã€‚
 美国陆ç»å‡ºçŽ°æŽ’åŽæµªæ½®
 é“路完工åŽï¼Œå¤§æ‰¹åŽäººæ‹¥å‘城市。到1870年,旧金山åŽäººåŠ³å·¥çš„æ•°é‡å·²ç»å 到了城ä¸4ç§ä¸»è¦å·¥ä¸šè¡Œä¸šé›‡å·¥æ€»æ•°çš„一åŠã€‚ä¸å°‘美国人认为ä¸å›½äººæŠ¢äº†ä»–们的é¥ç¢—。19世纪70年代,美国西部å‘ç”Ÿäº†å¤§è§„æ¨¡çš„æŽ’åŽæµªæ½®ï¼›1882年美国åˆé€šè¿‡äº†â€œæŽ’åŽæ³•案â€ï¼Œé™åˆ¶åŽäººåŠ³å·¥å…¥å¢ƒã€‚åŽäººè¢«æè¿°ä¸ºâ€œå¦–é”鬼怪â€ã€‚åŠ å·žä¸€ä»½æ—¥æŠ¥åœ¨1879å¹´çš„ä¸€ç¯‡ç¤¾è®ºä¸æŠŠåŽäººå½¢å®¹ä¸ºâ€œåŠäººåŠé”,åƒè€é¼ ,衣ç€ç ´çƒ‚ï¼Œä¸æ‡‚法律,憎æ¨åŸºç£æ–‡åŒ–,å¸é¸¦ç‰‡ï¼Œå»‰ä»·åŠ³å·¥ï¼Œå®å¸å†…è„的亚洲人â€ã€‚直到1943年,美国国会æ‰åºŸé™¤äº†è¿™ä¸ªæ³•案。
 由于åŽäººåœ¨äºŒæˆ˜ä¸çš„æ°å‡ºè¡¨çŽ°ï¼Œç¾Žå›½èˆ†è®ºå¯¹åŽäººçš„çœ‹æ³•æ‰æœ‰äº†ä¸€äº›è½¬å˜ã€‚1945年,新通过的法案å…许å‚åŠ è¿‡äºŒæˆ˜çš„å£«å…µå›žä¸å›½ç»“婚,并把他们的é…å¶å¸¦åˆ°ç¾Žå›½ã€‚在1949年年底这项法案到期å‰ï¼Œæœ‰å¤§çº¦6000多ååŽäººå®˜å…µå›žåˆ°ä¸å›½ç»“婚,并与他们的妻å一é“返回了美国。
6.é™ˆå®ªå¿ è¯´
é™ˆå®ªå¿ è¯´ï¼Œå¼ çº¯å¦‚å¯¹å·¥ä½œéžå¸¸çš„认真,为了《å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹è¿™æœ¬ä¹¦å››å¤„è®¿é—®ï¼Œç ”ç©¶ã€‚æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªéžå¸¸ä¸¥è°¨å’Œæœ‰åކå²è´£ä»»æ„Ÿçš„作家。他æåˆ°ã€Šå—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹å‡ºç‰ˆä¹‹åŽå› 其在西方社会的广泛影å“ï¼Œå¼ çº¯å¦‚æ”¶åˆ°æ¥è‡ªæ—¥æœ¬æ–¹é¢çš„å¾ˆå¤§åŽ‹åŠ›ã€‚æ—¥æœ¬æœ‰äº›å³æ´¾ç»„织多次扬言è¦åˆºæ€å¼ 纯如。这本书在日本的出版也å—åˆ°å¤šæ–¹é˜»æŒ ï¼ŒåŽŸå…ˆç”应出版《å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹çš„出版社也退缩了,虽然最åŽç»ˆäºŽåœ¨æ—¥æœ¬å‡ºç‰ˆï¼Œä½†ä¸é—´æ³¢æŠ˜å’ŒåŽ‹åŠ›éžå¸¸å·¨å¤§ã€‚(
陈宪ä¸å‘Šè¯‰è®°è€…ï¼Œä»–å†³å®šåœ¨æœ¬å‘¨æœ«åœ¨çº½çº¦æ³•æ‹‰ç››çš„äºšå¤ªäº‹åŠ¡ç ”ç©¶ä¸å¿ƒï¼ˆ3907,Prince Streetï¼‰å±•å¼€æ‚¼å¿µæ´»åŠ¨ï¼Œæ’æ”¾å½“å¹´å¼ çº¯å¦‚æ¥çº½çº¦æŽ¨å¹¿ã€Šå—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹è¿™æœ¬ä¹¦æ—¶çš„录åƒã€‚
7. å¤šç»´ä¸“è®¿å¯¼æ¼”å´”æ˜Žæ…§ï¼šå¼ çº¯å¦‚å‘Šè¯‰æˆ‘å¥¹å¾ˆå®³æ€•
http://www7.chinesenewsnet.com/gb/MainNews/NorthAmerica/2004_11_11_16_14_2_377.html
多维记者电è¯é‡‡è®¿äº†å’Œå¼ 纯如熟识的知å导演崔明慧。崔明慧回忆在2003å¹´å¤å¤©ï¼Œæ›¾ç»é‡‡è®¿è¿‡å¼ çº¯å¦‚ã€‚å½“æ—¶å¼ çº¯å¦‚å‘Šè¯‰å´”æ˜Žæ…§ï¼Œç”±äºŽã€Šå—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹çš„å‡ºç‰ˆï¼Œå¥¹ä¸æ–收到日本æžå³åˆ†å寄æ¥çš„æå“信。崔明慧说,“她告诉我她éžå¸¸å®³æ€•。â€(chinesenewsnet.com)
2003å¹´å¤å¤©ï¼Œå´”明慧æ£åœ¨æ‹æ‘„ä¸€éƒ¨åæ˜ 钱妿£®çš„记录片《Yellow Agentã€‹ï¼Œå¼ çº¯å¦‚çš„ç¬¬ä¸€æœ¬ä¹¦å°±æ˜¯ä¸€éƒ¨é’±å¦æ£®çš„ä¼ è®°ã€Šæ˜¥èš•åä¸ã€‹ï¼ˆTHREAD
OF THE SILKWORMï¼Œï¼‰åæ˜ 为美国国防部æœåŠ¡15年的军事科å¦å®¶ï¼Œå—到“麦å¡é”¡ä¸»ä¹‰â€çš„迫害,被打上共产分åçš„æ ‡ç¾ï¼Œé£è¿”回ä¸å›½ã€‚å´”æ˜Žæ…§çš„ç‰‡ä¸æœ‰é•¿è¾¾40åˆ†é’Ÿçš„éƒ¨åˆ†æ˜¯å¯¹å¼ çº¯å¦‚çš„è®¿è°ˆã€‚â€œå¥¹å¯¹é’±å¦æ£®å’ŒæŽæ–‡å’Œéƒ½éžå¸¸äº†è§£ã€‚â€å´”明慧é€éœ²å¥¹æ‹æ‘„的这本片åä¸‹å‘¨å°†åœ¨çº½çº¦è¯•æ˜ ã€‚
(chinesenewsnet.com)
曾担任过纽约大å¦ç”µå½±ç³»ç³»ä¸»ä»»çš„崔明慧告诉多维记者,她1993å¹´å°±å’Œå¼ çº¯å¦‚ç›¸è¯†ã€‚å½“æ—¶å´”æ˜Žæ…§æ‹æ‘„了一本电影《奉天皇之åã€‹ï¼Œé‡‡è®¿äº†å¤šä½æ›¾å…¥ä¾µä¸å›½çš„æ—¥æœ¬è€å…µï¼ŒçœŸå®žè®°å½•了他们å™è¿°è‡ªå·±å½“年在ä¸å›½çƒ§æ€æŠ¢æŽ çš„ç»è¿‡ã€‚å¼ çº¯å¦‚åœ¨åˆ›ä½œã€Šå—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹ä¸€ä¹¦è¿‡ç¨‹ä¸ï¼Œæ›¾ç»è®¤çœŸç ”ç©¶è¿‡å´”æ˜Žæ…§æ‹æ‘„çš„è¿™éƒ¨ç”µå½±ï¼Œä¸¤äººå› è€Œç»“è¯†ï¼Œå¼ çº¯å¦‚è¿˜åœ¨ä¹¦ä¸å‘å´”æ˜Žæ…§è‡´è°¢ã€‚å´”æ˜Žæ…§åŽæ¥æ›¾åˆ°åŠ å·žç†å·¥å¦é™¢åšè®¿é—®å¦è€…ï¼Œå¼ çº¯å¦‚è¿˜çƒæƒ…åœ°ä»‹ç»æœ‹å‹ç»™å¥¹ï¼Œå¸®å¥¹è”ç³»å¦æ ¡ã€‚
(chinesenewsnet.com)
å´”æ˜Žæ…§å’Œå¼ çº¯å¦‚çš„çˆ¶æ¯äº¤æƒ…ä¹Ÿä¸æµ…。崔明慧1998年到2001å¹´åœ¨é¦™æ¸¯åŸŽå¸‚å¤§å¦æ•™ä¹¦æ—¶ï¼Œæ›¾ç»å’Œå¼ çº¯å¦‚çš„çˆ¶äº²å…±äº‹ï¼Œå¼ çš„çˆ¶äº²å½“æ—¶ä¹Ÿåœ¨è¯¥æ ¡ä»»æ•™ã€‚ä¸¤äººåŒæ—¶æŠ¥åå‚åŠ äº†å¹¿ä¸œè¯å¦ä¹ çï¼Œä½†åŽæ¥éƒ½æ”¾å¼ƒäº†ã€‚
(chinesenewsnet.com)
崔明慧表示,å°è±¡ä¸çš„å¼ çº¯å¦‚æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªâ€œå®‰é™ã€å†…å‘â€çš„人,崔明慧说,“她很用功,也很用心。â€å´”æ˜Žæ…§å›žå¿†ï¼Œå¼ çº¯å¦‚æ›¾ç»å‘Šè¯‰å¥¹ï¼Œè‡ªå·±å°æ—¶å€™çœ‹ä¹¦éžå¸¸ç—´è¿·ï¼Œå¸¸å¸¸æ³¡å›¾ä¹¦é¦†ï¼ŒåŠå¤œæ‰“ç€æ‰‹ç”µç’在被å里看(chinesenewsnet.com)
å´”æ˜Žæ…§å¹æ¯é“ï¼Œâ€œå¤ªå¯æƒœäº†ï¼Œï¼ˆå¥¹æ˜¯ï¼‰è¿™ä¹ˆæœ‰æ‰åŽçš„人。â€
8. æ–‡å¿ƒç¤¾ï¼šå¼ çº¯å¦‚åœ¨è¾¾æ‹‰æ–¯è°ˆã€ŠåŽäººåœ¨ç¾Žå›½ã€‹
http://www7.chinesenewsnet.com/gb/MainNews/SinoNews/Oversea/2004_11_11_12_54_20_643.html
文心社施雨报导ï¼ï¼’ï¼ï¼ï¼”年4月1日下åˆï¼—时3ï¼åˆ†ï¼Œåœ¨è¾¾æ‹‰æ–¯åŽäººæ´»åЍä¸å¿ƒï¼Œç”±è¾¾æ‹‰æ–¯å¸‚ä¸ç¾Žäº¤æµåˆä½œå§”员会与达拉斯åŽäººæ´»åЍä¸å¿ƒï¼Œè”åˆä¸¾åŠžç¾Žç±åŽè£”å¥³ä½œå®¶å¼ çº¯å¦‚ï¼ˆChang,
Iris)的新书《åŽäººåœ¨ç¾Žå›½ã€‹å‘布会。
曾在1997年撰写《被é—忘的å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹ï¼ˆThe Rape of Nankingï¼The Forgotten
Holocaust of World War II)一书轰动国际文å›çš„åŽè£”ä½œå®¶å¼ çº¯å¦‚æœ€è¿‘åˆå‡ºæ–°ä¹¦ã€‚她的《在美国的åŽäººã€‹ï¼ˆThe
Chinese in America:A Narrative Historyï¼‰å†æ¬¡å¼•起轰动。书评家安东尼.戴伊在《洛æ‰çŸ¶æ—¶æŠ¥ã€‹ä¹¦è¯„ä¸ï¼Œä»¥â€œåŽäººç§»æ°‘的故事,美国å²è¯—的一部份â€ï¼Œé«˜åº¦è¯„价她的新书,并认为åŽäººåœ¨ç¾Žå›½åˆ›ä¸šå¥‹æ–—ç»åŽ†çš„æ•…äº‹ï¼Œå¯¹ç¾Žå›½åŽ†å²å¯Œæœ‰ç”Ÿå‘½åŠ›ï¼Œè®©æˆ‘ä»¬æ·±åˆ»äº†è§£ç¾Žå›½æ•…äº‹çš„é‡è¦éƒ¨ä»½ã€‚
(一)作者的背景和简历
çœ¼çœ¸æ˜Žäº®æ…§é» ã€é•¿å‘披肩ã€èº«æé«˜æŒ‘çš„å¼ çº¯å¦‚å‡ºèº«ä¹¦é¦™é—¨ç¬¬ï¼Œç¥–çˆ¶æ˜¯ä»Žå¤§é™†ç§»å±…å°æ¹¾çš„ç€åæŠ¥äººï¼Œçˆ¶æ¯æ˜¯æ—©å¹´çš„å°æ¹¾ç•™å¦ç”Ÿã€‚其父当年是å°å¤§ç‰©ç†ç³»â€œçŠ¶å…ƒâ€ï¼Œè¢«ä¿é€åˆ°ç¾Žå›½å“ˆä½›å¤§å¦ç•™å¦ï¼Œå–å¾—åšå£«å¦ä½ä»¥åŽåº”è˜åˆ°ä¼Šåˆ©è¯ºæ–¯å¤§å¦é¦™æ§Ÿåˆ†æ ¡ä»»ç‰©ç†å¦æ•™æŽˆï¼Œ1988å¹´å‘表的专ç€ã€Šé‡å场论》在美国ç†è®ºç‰©ç†å¦æœ¯ç•Œé¢‡æœ‰å½±å“ã€‚å¼ çº¯å¦‚çš„æ¯äº²ä¸€ç›´ä»Žäº‹ç”Ÿç‰©åŒ–å¦çš„ç ”ç©¶å·¥ä½œï¼Œæ›¾ç»ä¹‰åŠ¡æ‹…ä»»è¿‡3年䏿–‡å¦æ ¡æ ¡é•¿ï¼ŒçŽ°åœ¨è€å¤«å¦»ä¿©éƒ½å·²ç»é€€ä¼‘ï¼Œåœ¨åŠ å·žä¸Žå女们共享天伦之ä¹ã€‚
(å¼ çº¯å¦‚å‡ºç”ŸäºŽæ–°æ³½è¥¿å·žçš„æ™®æž—æ–¯é¡¿ï¼Œåœ¨ä¼Šåˆ©è¯ºæ–¯å·žçš„å¤§å¦åŸŽé•¿å¤§ï¼Œæ¯•业于伊利诺斯大å¦é¦™æ§Ÿåˆ†æ ¡æ–°é—»ç³»ï¼Œæ›¾ä»»èŒç¾Žè”社和èŠåŠ å“¥è®ºå›æŠ¥ï¼Œç›®å‰ä¸“èŒå†™ä½œã€‚她与NBA体育明星“东方å°å·¨äººâ€å§šæ˜Žã€ç€åé’¢ç´å®¶éƒŽæœ—被誉为当下最引人瞩目的三ä½ç¾Žå›½åŽè£”é’å¹´
å±…ä½åœ¨èŠåŠ å“¥çš„å¼ çº¯å¦‚è¯´ï¼Œä»Žå°å°±å¬çˆ¶æ¯æåŠæƒ¨ç»äººå¯°çš„å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‚幸è¿çš„æ˜¯ï¼Œå¼ 纯如的祖父æ¯å½“年在日军攻陷å—京之å‰ï¼Œå°±å¸¦ç€å…¨å®¶è¾—è½¬é€ƒéš¾åˆ°å°æ¹¾ã€‚ä½†ä¸€è·¯ä¸Šç›®ç¹æ—¥å†›æ€è™åŒèƒžçš„æƒ¨å†µï¼Œä½¿ä¸¤ä½è€äººäº‹éš”å‡ å年,至今ä»è§‰åŽ†åŽ†åœ¨ç›®ï¼Œå› æ¤ç»å¸¸å‘她父亲忆述当年。她的父æ¯ä¹Ÿåœ¨å¥¹å¾ˆå°çš„æ—¶å€™ï¼ŒæŠŠç¥–父æ¯çš„ç»åŽ†è½¬è¿°ç»™å¥¹å¬ï¼Œä»¤å¥¹å°è±¡éžå¸¸æ·±åˆ»ã€‚
她说她还记得他们说,围绕å—äº¬çš„é•¿æ±Ÿå½“æ—¶å‡ ä¹Žè¢«å°¸ä½“å µå¡žå¾—æ°´æ³„ä¸é€šï¼Œæ²³æ°´ä¹Ÿå‡ 乎被血染得鲜红。但是,她在美国的图书馆里å´ä¸€ç›´æ‰¾ä¸åˆ°æ¯”è¾ƒå®Œæ•´çš„ç›¸å…³èµ„æ–™ã€‚å‡ ä¹Žæ‰€æœ‰çš„è¥¿æ–¹äººéƒ½çŸ¥é“二战ä¸å¸Œç‰¹å‹’çš„ç½ªè¡Œï¼Œå´æ— 人知晓日本人在ä¸å›½çš„å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ï¼ŒäºŽæ˜¯å¥¹ç”¨ä¸¤å¹´çš„æ—¶é—´ç€æ‰‹ç ”究和写作《被é—忘的å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹ã€‚æ¤ä¹¦ä¸€å‡ºç‰ˆï¼Œè¿žç»ï¼‘4周å列《纽约时报》畅销书之一,目å‰å·²ç¬¬ï¼‘2次å°åˆ·ï¼Œå”®å‡ºçº¦ï¼‘ï¼ä¸‡æœ¬ã€‚å¥¹æœ¬äººä¹Ÿå› æ¤è¢«ä¸å›½å¤§é™†çš„《åŽå£°æœˆæŠ¥ã€‹è¯„“1998年1ï¼å¤§åŽäººæ–°é—»äººç‰©â€ã€‚她的创作ç»åŽ†ä¸ºç¾Žå›½å®¶å–»æˆ·æ™“çš„ã€Šè¯»è€…æ–‡æ‘˜ã€‹æ‰€ä»‹ç»ï¼Œå¹¶æˆä¸ºå…¶å°é¢äººç‰©ã€‚
å¼ çº¯å¦‚è®¤ä¸ºï¼Œå†™ä½œæ˜¯ä¸€é¡¹çƒ¦ç而耗费身心和体力的èŒä¸šï¼Œæ˜¯ä¸æ–æ”¹å†™çš„è¿‡ç¨‹ï¼Œæ— è®ºå†™ä½œçœŸå®žæˆ–è™šæž„çš„æ•…äº‹ï¼Œç™¾åˆ†ä¹‹ä¹å的精力需è¦èŠ±åœ¨æ”¶é›†èµ„æ–™å’Œç ”ç©¶ä¸Šã€‚çˆ¶æ¯çš†åœ¨å¤§å¦ä»Žäº‹è‡ªç„¶ç§‘å¦çš„ç ”ç©¶å’Œæ•™å¦çš„å¼ çº¯å¦‚ï¼Œå´èµ°ä¸Šäº†è¿¥ç„¶ä¸åŒçš„æ–‡å¦å†™ä½œä¹‹è·¯ã€‚å¼ çº¯å¦‚è¯´ï¼šâ€œæˆ‘ä»Žå°å°±å–œæ¬¢å†™ä½œï¼Œå–œæ¬¢è¿™ç§è‡ªç”±è¡¨è¾¾çš„æ–¹å¼ã€‚而且,我们家其实是一个文å¦çš„å®¶åºã€‚â€å¼ çº¯å¦‚çš„ç¥–çˆ¶å¼ é“囿˜¯ä½ç€å的政论家,姑姑则是专æ 作家。
å¼ çº¯å¦‚åœ¨ï¼’ï¼“å²é‚£å¹´å«ç»™ä¸€å白人工程师,今年32å²ã€‚她称丈夫是自己的“最好朋å‹ï¼Œç»æµŽç¹åˆ’人,精神咨询家,按摩师â€ï¼Œè™½ç„¶ç§æ—ä¸åŒï¼Œä½†å½¼æ¤æœ‰å¾ˆå¤šå…±åŒç‚¹ã€‚å¥¹å¸Œæœ›å°†æ¥æœ‰ä¸‰ä¸ªå©å。至于将æ¥çš„å†™ä½œè®¡åˆ’ï¼Œå¼ çº¯å¦‚è¯´å¥¹æ‰“ç®—å†™ä¸€æœ¬å…³äºŽäºšè£”ç§»æ°‘å¦‚ä½•åœ¨ç¾Žå›½å¥‹æ–—çš„å²è¯—å¼çš„å°è¯´ï¼Œå› 为亚裔移民都有很丰富的生活ç»åŽ†ï¼Œä½†æ–‡å¦ä¸Šå´å¾ˆå°‘åæ˜ 。æ¤å¤–,她说自己将æ¥è‚¯å®šä¹Ÿä¼šå†å†™å…³äºŽä¸å›½çš„书。
(二)关于《被é—忘的å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹
å¼ çº¯å¦‚èŠ±è´¹äº†ä¸¤å¹´æ—¶é—´ï¼Œæ”¶é›†äº†æ¥è‡ªä¸æ–‡ã€æ—¥æ–‡ã€å¾·æ–‡å’Œè‹±æ–‡åŠä¸€äº›ä»Žæœªå‡ºç‰ˆçš„æ—¥è®°ã€ç¬”è®°ã€ä¿¡å‡½ã€æ”¿åºœæŠ¥å‘Šçš„åŽŸå§‹ææ–™ï¼Œå¥¹ç”šè‡³æŸ¥é˜…了东京战犯审判记录稿和彩访了劫åŽä½™ç”Ÿçš„å—害者,也通过书信è”系日本二战的è€å…µäº†è§£æƒ…况,ç»è¿‡æ•´ç†ç ”ç©¶åŽï¼Œæ‰å†™å‡ºã€Šå—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹ã€‚æ¤ä¹¦ä¸ä»…æ˜¯å¥¹ç¬”ä¸‹æ–‡ç« è¿™æ ·ç®€å•而已,æ®å¥¹è¯´ï¼Œå¥¹çš„å®¶åºä¸Žå—京也有ç€å¾®å¦™çš„è”ç³»ï¼Œç¥–çˆ¶å¼ é“å›å°±æ˜¯å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€çš„幸å˜è€…,å—京现在还有她的一些远亲生活在那里。
在《被é—忘的å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹é‡Œï¼Œå¼ 纯如开宗明义地介ç»å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ï¼šâ€œäººç±»æ®‹é…·å¯¹å¾…åŒç±»çš„历å²çºªäº‹ï¼Œæ˜¯ä¸€æ®µæ¼«é•¿è€Œæ‚²ä¼¤çš„æ•…事。如果è¦å°†è¿™ç±»ææ€–的故事作一比较,那么,在世界历å²ä¸ï¼Œå¾ˆå°‘有哪些暴行,在强度与规模上,能与二次世界大战期间的å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ç›¸æŠ—衡。â€ä½œè€…çš„æ„æ€ï¼Œè¿™æ®µåކå²è‡³å°‘在西方“被é—忘â€äº†ã€‚
1937年12月13日,日本侵åŽéƒ¨é˜Ÿå 领å—京城,éšå³å±•å¼€ä¸ºæœŸï¼–å‘¨çš„å¤§å± æ€ï¼Œä¼°è®¡æœ‰ï¼“5万ä¸å›½ç™¾å§“éåˆ°æƒ¨æ— äººé“çš„æ€æˆ®ã€‚ï¼–ï¼å¹´è¿‡åŽ»äº†ï¼Œä¸–äººå¯¹äºŽå½“å¹´å—京å‘ç”Ÿäº†ç”šä¹ˆäº‹ï¼Œå‡ ä¹Žä¸€æ— æ‰€çŸ¥æˆ–å°è±¡æ¨¡ç³Šï¼Œå½“å¹´æ‰§è¡Œå± æ€çš„æ—¥å†›éƒ¨é˜Ÿåœ¨äºŒæ¬¡å¤§æˆ˜æœ«ï¼Œå…¨éƒ¨åœ¨ç¡«ç£ºå²›è¢«æ¼çï¼Œä½¿æ—¥æœ¬æ”¿åºœæŽ©é¥°æš´è¡Œçš„å·¥ä½œæ›´åŠ å®¹æ˜“ã€‚è¿™æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªè¢«è‚†æ„窜改的历å²ç©ºç™½ã€‚
《被é—忘的å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹ä¸€ä¹¦ï¼Œä½œè€…采用了日本电影《罗生门》的艺术手段:从å—害者å—京居民ã€è¡Œå‡¶è€…日本军队ã€ç›®å‡»è€…外国人士三个角度æ¥å™è¿°è¿™ä¸€äººç±»åކå²ä¸Šæœ€è¿å人性的犯罪,并且列举了日本政府试图掩盖ã€å¦è®¤å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€çš„è¡Œä¸ºã€‚åœ¨ä¸ºå†™ä¹¦è€Œè¿›è¡Œçš„ç ”ç©¶ã€è®¿é—®å½“äº‹äººã€æ”¶é›†èµ„料的过程ä¸ï¼Œå¼ 纯如说:“写作这部书,使得我对人性有了新的认识,那就是人什么事都åšå¾—出,既有作出最伟大事业的潜能,也有犯下最邪æ¶ç½ªè¡Œçš„æ½œèƒ½ï¼Œä¸€åˆ‡ä¾èµ–于当时的具体环境和æ¡ä»¶ã€‚â€å¼ 纯如还说,她写作这本书的å¦ä¸€ä¸ªè®¤è¯†æ˜¯ï¼ŒæƒåŠ›çš„é›†ä¸æœ€æ˜“导致è¿å人性的罪行å‘生,民主是预防暴力的最好方å¼ã€‚
在为写作该书收集资料过程ä¸ï¼Œå¼ 纯如最大的收获便是å‘现了德国纳粹份å约翰.拉è´ï¼ˆJohn Rabe)记录å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€æƒ…形的日记,而最让她感慨的也是这ä½â€œä¸å›½çš„è¾›å¾·å‹’â€æ‹‰è´ã€‚在日本对å—äº¬å¤§è‚†å± æ€ã€å¼ºæš´å¦‡å¥³æ—¶ï¼Œè¿žåœ¨å—京的纳粹头头拉è´ä¹Ÿæ— 法å¿å—,他带领2ï¼å¤šä½å¤–国人士æˆç«‹äº†å—京安全区,挥舞纳粹的万å—è‡‚ç« ä½œä¸ºé˜²èŒƒæ—¥æœ¬å£«å…µçš„æŠ¤èº«ç¬¦ï¼Œæ‹¯æ•‘äº†äºŒå五万å—京居民。回德国åŽï¼Œæ‹‰è´å‘希特勒上书递交了一å·å½±å¸¦å’Œä»–目击å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€çš„说明,期望德国能够施压促使日本改å˜å¯¹ä¸å›½çš„æ”¿ç–,结果å´é到盖世太ä¿é€®æ•审讯,命令他从æ¤åœ¨è¿™ä¸ªè¯é¢˜ä¸Šä¿æŒæ²‰é»˜ã€‚二战结æŸåŽï¼Œæ‹‰è´åˆå› 为纳粹的身份å—到盟军的审判,没有工作,è¥å…»å¤±è°ƒï¼Œè™½ç„¶å—京人民在得知这一消æ¯åŽä¸ºä»–集资寄去食å“,拉è´å¾ˆå¿«åœ¨ï¼‘95ï¼å¹´å°±åŽ»ä¸–ã€‚å¼ çº¯å¦‚è¯´ï¼šâ€œæœ‰çš„äººçš„å‘½è¿ä¼¼ä¹Žæ€»æ˜¯é˜´é”™é˜³å·®ï¼ŒHe
was at the wrong place at the wrong time。当我打电è¯å‘Šè¯‰çˆ¶äº²æ‹‰è´çš„æ•…事,并给他念一段拉è´çš„æ—¥è®°æ—¶ï¼Œæˆ‘父亲感动得眼泪都涌出æ¥äº†ï¼Œç§°æ‹‰è´æ˜¯ä¸ªè‹±é›„。â€çŽ°åœ¨ï¼Œæ‹‰è´çš„æ—¥è®°å·²ç»è¢«ç¿»è¯‘æˆä¸ã€è‹±ã€æ—¥å„ç§æ–‡å—,ä¿å˜åœ¨å¾·ã€æ—¥ã€ç¾Žã€ä¸ç‰æ¡£æ¡ˆé¦†é‡Œï¼Œæˆä¸ºåކå²çš„è§è¯ã€‚
对于《被é—忘的å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹ä¸€ä¹¦çš„æˆåŠŸï¼Œå¼ çº¯å¦‚å¦è¨€æœ‰ç‚¹å‡ºä¹Žæ„料,事åŽå¥¹åˆ†æžè®¤ä¸ºè¯¥ä¹¦çš„æˆåŠŸï¼Œä¸€åŠå½’于åŽäººç¤¾åŒºçš„ç§¯æžæ”¯æŒå’ŒæŽ¨åŠ¨ï¼ŒåŽäººç‰è¿™æœ¬ä¹¦ç‰äº†ï¼–ï¼å¹´ï¼›å¦ä¸€åŠå½’于日本残暴的行径,许多美国人第一次å¬è¯´å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€çš„事,读完书åŽï¼Œä»–ä»¬å¾ˆéœ‡æƒŠã€‚ç¾Žå›½è¯»è€…å¸¸å¸¸è¡¨ç¤ºä»–ä»¬çš„éœ‡æƒŠå’Œæ— æ³•ç†è§£ï¼Œè¿žè¿žè¯¢é—®ï¼šæ—¥æœ¬äººæ€Žä¹ˆèƒ½å¤Ÿè¿™ä¹ˆæ²¡æœ‰äººæ€§ï¼Ÿ
坿˜¯ï¼Œè¦è¿žè¿žè¯¢é—®ææ€•è¿˜æœ‰ï¼Œåœ¨äººæ‰æµŽæµŽçš„西方å²å¦ç•Œï¼ŒåŒä¸ºç¬¬äºŒæ¬¡ä¸–界大战的历å²ï¼Œä¸ºä»€ä¹ˆä¸€äº›åކå²å¦å®¶å·²ç»â€œæ·±å…¥â€ç ”究到希特勒的性倾å‘。但在å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€å‘生6ï¼å¹´ä¹‹åŽï¼Œè¥¿æ–¹æ‰å‡ºç‰ˆäº†â€œç¬¬ä¸€æœ¬â€ç ”究这段历å²çš„英文专ç€ï¼Ÿç¾Žå›½å“ˆä½›å¤§å¦åކå²ç³»ä¸»ä»»æŸ¯å°”比在为这本书撰写的åºè¨€ä¸ä¹Ÿè¯´ï¼Œå®ƒæ˜¯â€œç¬¬ä¸€æœ¬å……ä»½ç ”ç©¶å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€çš„英文ç€ä½œâ€ï¼Œä»–还承认,“å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€åœ¨å¾ˆå¤§ç¨‹åº¦ä¸Šè¢«è¥¿æ–¹äººé—忘了。6ï¼å¹´ä¹‹åŽï¼Œå—京的冤é‚们ä»ç„¶ç¼ ç€ä¸æ—¥å…³ç³»ä¸æ”¾ã€‚â€ç”šè‡³ä½œè€…本人也说:“许多美国人第一次å¬è¯´å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€çš„事,读完书åŽï¼Œä»–们都震惊了。â€å¥¹åœ¨å¤šæ¬¡æ¼”讲ä¸ï¼Œç¾Žå›½è¯»è€…éƒ½è¡¨ç¤ºä»–ä»¬çš„éœ‡æƒŠå’Œæ— æ³•ç†è§£ï¼Œæ—¥æœ¬äººæ€Žä¹ˆèƒ½å¤Ÿè¿™ä¹ˆæ²¡æœ‰äººæ€§ï¼Ÿ
å¼ çº¯å¦‚åœ¨ã€Šå—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹ä¸€ä¹¦ä¸å¯¹æ—¥å†›æˆ˜äº‰æš´è¡Œâ€œä¸€ç›´æ²¡æœ‰å—到认真追究â€çš„åŽŸå› è¿›è¡Œäº†è®¤çœŸåœ°æŽ¢è®¨ã€‚å¥¹è®¤ä¸ºï¼Œä¸åŽäººæ°‘共和国ã€ä¸åŽæ°‘国,甚至美国,都è¦ä¸ºæ¤è´Ÿè´£ã€‚她指出,在被害国ä¸å›½ï¼Œï¼‘949年åŽï¼Œå°æ¹¾æµ·å³¡ä¸¤å²¸çš„两个敌对政æƒç”±äºŽç«žç›¸äº‰å–对日贸易以åŠäº‰å–æ—¥æœ¬çš„å¤–äº¤æ‰¿è®¤ï¼Œéƒ½æ”¾å¼ƒäº†å¯¹æ—¥ç´¢èµ”çš„è¦æ±‚ï¼›å³ä½¿æ˜¯ç¾Žå›½ï¼Œåœ¨é¢å¯¹è‹è”与ä¸å›½å…±äº§ä¸»ä¹‰çš„å¨èƒæ—¶ï¼Œä¹Ÿå‘è¿‡åŽ»çš„æ•Œäººæ—¥æœ¬å¯»æ±‚é‚¦è°Šæ°¸å›ºä¸Žå¿ è¯šæ”¯æŒï¼Œç¾Žå›½å†›äº‹å é¢†å½“å±€æ”¾å¼ƒäº†å½»åº•æ¸…æ´—è´Ÿæœ‰æˆ˜äº‰è´£ä»»çš„æ—¥æœ¬é¢†å¯¼å±‚çš„æƒ³æ³•ï¼Œé™¤äº†å®¡åˆ¤äº†å°‘æ•°å‡ ä¸ªè‡åæ˜ç€çš„æˆ˜çŠ¯ä¹‹å¤–ï¼ŒåŸºæœ¬ä¸Šæ²¡æœ‰è§¦åŠ¨æˆ˜å‰çš„æ—¥æœ¬å®˜åƒšä½“系,并放任许多战争罪犯逃é¿äº†æƒ©ç½šï¼›è€Œåœ¨åŠ å®³å›½æ—¥æœ¬ï¼Œå³ç¿¼åŠ¿åŠ›å’Œä¸€äº›æ”¿è¦æ›´æ˜¯åƒæ–¹ç™¾è®¡æ·¡åŒ–ã€ç”šè‡³å¦è®¤å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€çš„å˜åœ¨ã€‚
她还说:“在世界舆论法åºä¹‹å‰ï¼Œæ—¥æœ¬å¯¹å…¶æˆ˜æ—¶è¡Œå¾„æ¯«æ— æ‚”æ„,直至今天ä»å¦‚æ¤ã€‚二次世界大战åŽä¸ä¹…,å³ä½¿æˆ˜äº‰æ³•åºåˆ¤å®šæ—¥æœ¬çš„一些领袖触犯战争罪,日本人ä»å¤„心积虑地设法é¿å…文明世界的é“德审判。德国å—到这ç§é“å¾·å®¡åˆ¤ï¼Œå¯¹è‡ªå·±çš„ç½ªè¡Œå¦æ‰¿ä¸è®³ï¼›æ—¥æœ¬å´æŒç»é€ƒé¿å®¡åˆ¤ï¼Œé‚æˆå¦ä¸€ç§ç½ªè¡Œçš„罪é祸首。â€ã€€
最åŽï¼Œä½œè€…特别引述了诺è´å°”奖得主维厄瑟尔的è¦å‘Šï¼šâ€œé—å¿˜å¤§å± æ€ï¼Œå°±æ˜¯äºŒæ¬¡å± æ€ã€‚â€
(三)关于《在美国的åŽäººã€‹
《在美国的åŽäººã€‹äºŽï¼’ï¼ï¼ï¼“年出版,是部纪实体作å“。它记载了åŽäººç§»æ°‘在美国开拓新天地的历å²ã€‚记载了这15ï¼å¹´æ¥åŽäººåœ¨ç¾Žå›½å¥‹æ–—æˆé•¿çš„历å²ã€‚åŽäººä»Žä¿®é“路的苦力到ç«ç®å¯¼å¼¹ä¹‹çˆ¶ï¼Œä»Žé‡Žåœ°çš„垦è’è€…åˆ°è‰¾æ»‹ç—…ç ”ç©¶é¢†åŸŸçš„å…ˆé©±ï¼Œå¦‚ä»Šåœ¨ç¾Žå›½ç¤¾ä¼šçš„å„é‡è¦é¢†åŸŸéƒ½å 有一å¸ä¹‹åœ°ã€‚
å¼ çº¯å¦‚çš„ç€ä½œä¸ä»…为åŽäººç§»æ°‘记载历å²ï¼Œè¿˜å¼ºè°ƒäººæƒä¸Žå…¬ç†ï¼Œå¹¶æ¾„清åŽäººåœ¨è¥¿æ–¹ç¤¾ä¼šçš„å½¢åƒã€‚åœ¨å¼ çº¯å¦‚ç¬”ä¸‹ï¼ŒåŽäººåކå²ä»Žï¼‘ï¼ä¸‡äººåœ¨åŠ å·žâ€œæ·˜é‡‘çƒâ€æ—¶æ¥åˆ°åŠ å·žï¼Œä¿—ç§°â€œé‡‘å±±â€çš„æ•…äº‹å¼€å§‹ï¼Œåˆ°ä¿®ç‘æ¨ªè´¯ä¸œè¥¿çš„大é“路,åŽäººè´Ÿè´£ä¿®ç‘西边的一åŠï¼Œçˆ±å°”兰人修ç‘东边的一åŠã€‚对美国工业化å‘展至关é‡è¦çš„交通大动脉的建设,åŽäººæœ‰ä¸€åŠçš„功劳。
å¼ çº¯å¦‚åœ¨è¿™æœ¬æ–°ä¹¦è¿˜æŒ–æŽ˜äº†å¾ˆå¤šä¸ä¸ºäººçŸ¥çš„åŽäººåˆ›ä¸šæ•…事,如19世纪的åŽäººæžœæ ‘专家å•金功(Lue Gin Gong)培æ¤ç”¨ä»–åå—命åçš„æŸ‘æ©˜ã€æŸšå以åŠå…¶å®ƒè‹¹æžœå’Œæ¡ƒå,为美国的水果农业作出了æ°å‡ºè´¡çŒ®ã€‚当然,åŽäººè¢«æ§è§†çš„历å²ä¹Ÿæ˜¯å¼ 纯如ç€å¢¨ç”šå¤šçš„åœ°æ–¹ï¼Œä¾‹å¦‚ï¼‘ï¼˜ï¼˜ï¼’æŽ’åŽæ³•案。但éšç€ç¤¾ä¼šçš„è¿›æ¥ï¼Œæ°‘æƒè¿åŠ¨çš„å‘展,åŽäººï¼‘5ï¼å¹´æ¥çš„历å²ï¼Œç›´åˆ°ä»Šå¤©äººæ‰è¾ˆå‡ºï¼Œåœ¨å„行å„业涌现大é‡ç²¾è‹±äººç‰©ï¼ŒåŽäººæ˜¯å¯¹ç¾Žå›½ç¤¾ä¼šè´¡çŒ®å“ç€çš„æ—ç¾¤ï¼Œè€Œå¼ çº¯å¦‚å°†è¿™ä¸€å£®ä¸½çš„å²è¯—展现出æ¥ã€‚
å¼ çº¯å¦‚çš„å‰ä¸¤æœ¬ç€ä½œä¹Ÿéƒ½è‡´åŠ›äºŽé‡å¡‘åŽäººå½¢åƒã€‚她的处女作《蚕ä¸ã€‹è®°è½½äº†åŽäººç§‘å¦å®¶é’±å¦æ£®ä¸ºç¾Žå›½ç«ç®ç§‘技作出贡献,以åŠåŽæ¥å¦‚何æˆä¸ºéº¦å¡é”¡ä¸»ä¹‰çš„牺牲å“è€Œç¦»å¼€ç¾Žå›½ã€‚è€Œè®©å¼ çº¯å¦‚æˆä¸ºå…¨çƒç•…销书作家的是她的第二本书《å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹ã€‚å®ƒè®°è½½äº†ä¾µåŽæ—¥å†›æ®‹å®³åŽäººï¼Œä»…在å—京一地就有三å万人éåˆ°æ€æˆ®çš„å²å®žã€‚å¼ çº¯å¦‚ä¹˜ç€ç•…销书作家的气势出版了《åŽäººåœ¨ç¾Žå›½ã€‹è¿™ç¬¬ä¸‰æœ¬ç€ä½œï¼Œä¸€æ–¹é¢å±•现åŽäººç§»æ°‘强韧的生命力和开拓精神;å¦ä¸€æ–¹é¢ã€‚å¼ çº¯å¦‚æŒ‡å‡ºï¼Œåœ¨ç¾Žå›½çš„åŽäººä»Žï¼‘ï¼™ä¸–çºªä¸æœŸçš„苦力,攀å‡åˆ°ç™½é¢†ä¸Šå±‚,人们往往认为这仿佛是一æ¡ç”±ä¸‹è€Œä¸Šçš„å•çº¿ï¼Œä½†æ˜¯å¥¹è®¤ä¸ºè¿™å´æ˜¯å‘¨è€Œå¤å§‹çš„循环。
会场全景
å¼ çº¯å¦‚è¯´ï¼šâ€œåŽäººåœ¨ç¾Žå›½çš„ç»åކ䏿˜¯ä¸€æ¡æ¸è¿›çš„å•线。他们作为模范少数æ—裔之一并éžè±¡æŸäº›å°‘æ•°æ—è£”é‚£æ ·æ˜¯ä»Žå—è¿«å®³çš„ç¤¾ä¼šæœ€åº•å±‚æ¸æ¸è¿›å‡åˆ°åˆ°ç¤¾ä¼šä¸Šå±‚的。åŽäººåœ¨ç¾Žå›½å¤„于周而å¤å§‹çš„循环,美国社会对åŽäººä¸€ç›´åœ¨å®¹å¿æŽ¥çº³å’Œç–‘è™‘ææƒ§ä¸æ—‹è½¬ã€‚有时他们把åŽäººå½“作‘å誉白人’,但是时而åˆä¼šè½¬å‘诬蔑甚至æ€å®³åŽäººçš„å¦ä¸€æžç«¯ã€‚时至今日这个循环ä¾ç„¶å˜åœ¨ï¼Œè¿˜æ˜¯æœ‰åŽäººæˆä¸ºç§æ—仇æ¨ç½ªè¡Œçš„牺牲å“ï¼Œç§æ—主义在今天ä¾ç„¶åŠ¿åŠ›å¼ºç››ã€‚â€å½“她被å¬ä¼—æé—®å°‘æ•°æ°‘æ—å—æ§è§†çš„问题时,她åšå®šåœ°è¯´ï¼ŒåŽäººé¦–å…ˆè¦å›¢ç»“èµ·æ¥ï¼Œå…³å¿ƒæ”¿æ²»ï¼Œå¹¶ä¸”积æžå‚与å„级民主选举活动。她还特别强调与主æµåª’体的è”ç³»å’Œæ²Ÿé€šï¼›æœ‰é—®é¢˜åŠæ—¶å‘ä»£è¡¨æœ¬å·žçš„å›½ä¼šè®®å‘˜æ”¾æ˜ å®žé™…é—®é¢˜ï¼›å¿…è¦æ—¶å¯ä»¥ä¸¾è¡Œéžæš´åŠ›çš„æ¸¸è¡Œç¤ºå¨æ´»åŠ¨â€¦â€¦ç”šè‡³é‡‡å–æŠµåˆ¶è¡Œä¸ºã€‚å¯¹äºŽç¾Žå›½çš„äººæƒå’Œæ°‘æƒçš„æ”¹å–„,åŽäººçš„è´¡çŒ®è‰¯å¤šï¼Œæœ‰å¾ˆå¤šæ¡æ¬¾å°±æ˜¯ç»è¿‡åŽäººäº‰å–的结果。我们è¦åŠªåŠ›è¿½æ±‚è‡ªå·±å¿ƒä¸çš„美国梦。
ç ”ç©¶ç¾Žå›½äºšè£”è¯¾é¢˜çš„ç€å䏓家邿²»ä¸æ•™æŽˆèµžåŒå¼ 纯书ä¸çš„观点,包括åŽäººåœ¨å†…的亚裔美国人é¢ä¸´çš„é—®é¢˜ä¸æ˜¯å•纯的æ—裔问题,而涉åŠåˆ°çš„国际问题ç‰ç‰ã€‚邿•™æŽˆè§‰å¾—《åŽäººåœ¨ç¾Žå›½ã€‹è¿™æœ¬ç€ä½œçš„独到之处是,ä¸å…‰å™è¿°äº†åŽäººåœ¨å¼‚乡客地的苦难,也æè¿°äº†åŽäººå¯¹ç¾Žå›½çš„贡献,æ¢å¥è¯è¯´æ˜¯åŽäººçš„æˆåŠŸã€‚ä½†æ˜¯åœ¨åº†ç¥ç¾Žç±åŽäººæˆå°±çš„åŒæ—¶ï¼Œä½œå®¶å¼ 纯如æé†’我们è¦è®¤è¯†ç¾Žå›½æœ‰ä¹ 惯æˆä¿—çš„ç§æ—ä¸»ä¹‰ï¼Œæˆ–è€…æ›´ç¡®åˆ‡åœ°è¯´æ˜¯ç¾Žå›½ä»æœ‰ä¾µçŠ¯äººæƒè¡Œä¸ºã€‚她指出,民主迄今为æ¢ä¸æ˜¯æ ¹æ·±è’‚å›ºçš„ä½“åˆ¶ï¼Œè¿˜åªæ˜¯ç¨šå«©çš„å¹¼è‹—ï¼Œå› æ¤åœ¨ç¾Žå›½çš„任何æ—群都ä¸å¯èƒ½å…·å¤‡å—迫害或迫害其他æ—群的å…ç–«åŠ›ã€‚å¼ çº¯å¦‚è¯´ï¼Œæ¯å¤©æœ‰åƒä¸‡äººç¦»ä¹¡èƒŒäº•æ¥ç¾Žå›½å¯»æ¢¦ï¼Œä»–们是美梦æˆçœŸè¿˜æ˜¯ç†æƒ³ç ´ç是涉åŠå¤šç§å¤æ‚å› ç´ çš„æœªçŸ¥æ•°ã€‚
邿•™æŽˆæ˜¯ï¼–ï¼å¹´ä»£åˆæ¥åˆ°ç¾Žå›½çš„ï¼Œå½“æ—¶ç¾Žå›½çš„ç§æ—æ§è§†ä¸¥é‡ï¼Œä»–的亲身ç»åŽ†éªŒè¯äº†å¼ 纯如ç€ä½œä¸è°ˆåŠçš„在美åŽäººå‘å±•åŽ†ç¨‹çš„ä¸€ä¸ªè½¬æŠ˜ç‚¹ã€‚é‚æ²»ä¸è¯´ï¼šâ€œæ°‘æƒè¿åЍå‘ç”ŸåŽæœ‰ä¸¤ä»¶äº‹æƒ…,一是少数民æ—åœ¨æ³•å¾‹ä¸Šæ¸æ¸æœ‰ä¿éšœï¼Œç¬¬äºŒæ˜¯å°‘æ•°æ°‘æ—的民æ—自尊心也æé«˜äº†ã€‚â€é‚教授说,å…å年代的民æƒè¿åЍåŽï¼Œä»–作为åŽè£”é’å¹´å†ä¹Ÿä¸ç”˜å¤„于被欺压的地ä½ã€‚ä»–åŠ å¼ºäº†æ°‘æ—è‡ªå°Šå¿ƒï¼Œç§¯æžæŠ•å…¥æ°‘æƒè¿åŠ¨ï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥æ°‘æƒè¿åŠ¨æ˜¯ä»–ä¸ªäººæˆé•¿çš„转折点。最åŽé‚教授对《åŽäººåœ¨ç¾Žå›½ã€‹ä¸€ä¹¦ä½œè¿™æ ·çš„è¯„ä»·ã€‚é‚æ²»ä¸è¯´ï¼šâ€œæˆ‘è®¤ä¸ºè¿™æ˜¯ä¸€æœ¬è¾ƒå¥½çš„ä»‹ç»æ€§çš„ä¹¦ï¼Œåœ¨åˆ†æžæ–¹é¢ä¹Ÿè®¸å¯ä»¥æ›´ç²¾å¯†ä¸€ç‚¹ã€‚â€
9. ä¸ä»…仅是谴责——评《被é—å¿˜çš„å¤§å± æ€ã€‹
胡平
1998å¹´ (11/12/2004 11:24:47 AM)
去年(1997年)年底,美国哈泼•科林斯出版社(Harper Collins
Publishers,Inc)出版了一本记å™1937å¹´å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€çš„ä¹¦ï¼Œä¹¦åæ˜¯ã€ŠThe Rape of Nanking——The
Forgotten Holocaust of World War II》。作者是一ä½å¹´è½»çš„美ç±åŽè£”女士,åå«Iris
Changï¼Œä¸æ–‡åå—æ˜¯å¼ çº¯å¦‚ã€‚è¿™æœ¬ä¹¦çš„ä¸æ–‡è¯‘æœ¬ä¹¦åæ˜¯ã€Šè¢«é—å¿˜çš„å¤§å± æ€â€”—1937å—京浩劫》,译者肖富元,于去年12月由å°åŒ—的天下文化出版公å¸å‡ºç‰ˆã€‚äº‹å®žä¸Šï¼Œè¿™æœ¬ä¹¦çš„ä¸æ–‡æœ¬å’Œè‹±æ–‡æœ¬æ˜¯åŒæ¥å‡ºç‰ˆçš„ã€‚è¿™æœ¬ä¹¦åœ¨è‹±æ–‡ä¸–ç•Œå’Œæµ·å¤–çš„ä¸æ–‡ä¸–界都引起了强烈的åå“ï¼Œå¯æƒœçš„æ˜¯ï¼Œç›´åˆ°ä»Šå¤©ï¼Œå®ƒè¿˜ä¸èƒ½åœ¨å¤§é™†å‡ºç‰ˆï¼Œä¸èƒ½å’Œå¤§é™†å二亿ä¸å›½äººè§é¢ã€‚
《被é—å¿˜çš„å¤§å± æ€ã€‹ä¸€ä¹¦å…±347页,分两部,共åç« ã€‚æ£æ–‡å‰é¢æœ‰å¤©ä¸‹å‡ºç‰ˆå…¬å¸å‘è¡Œäººé«˜å¸Œå‡æ•™æŽˆå†™çš„“出版者的è¯â€ï¼Œæœ‰å°æ¹¾ä¸å¤®ç ”ç©¶é™¢ç ”ç©¶å‘˜æŽæ€æ¶µå†™çš„åºï¼Œæœ‰ç¾Žå›½å“ˆä½›å¤§å¦åކå²å¦å®¶å¨å»‰â€¢æŸ¯æ¯”(William
C.Kirby)å†™çš„å¯¼è¯»ã€‚æ£æ–‡åŽé¢æœ‰è¯‘者写的译åŽè®°ã€‚å¦å¤–还附录了作者写作这本书所涉åŠçš„å‚考书目åŠèµ„料目录,这个å‚考书目和资料目录就有47é¡µã€‚ä½œè€…å¼ çº¯å¦‚ç”¨äº†å¥½å‡ å¹´çš„å·¥å¤«æ”¶é›†ææ–™å’Œè®¿è°ˆè®°å½•ï¼Œæ•´æœ¬ä¹¦èµ„æ–™ç¿”å®žï¼Œè®ºè¿°ä¸¥è°¨ï¼Œæ—¢æœ‰é«˜åº¦çš„å¦æœ¯ä»·å€¼ï¼Œåˆæœ‰å¯è¯»æ€§ã€‚
斯大林讲过:â€œæ€æ»ä¸€ä¸ªäººæ˜¯æ€å®³ï¼Œæ€æ»ä¸€ä¸‡ä¸ªäººåªæ˜¯ç»Ÿè®¡æ•°å—。â€è¿™å°±æ˜¯è¯´ï¼Œæš´è¡Œçš„统计数å—,ä¸ç®¡æ•°å—本身有多大,也ä¸ç®¡ç»Ÿè®¡çš„æœ‰å¤šå‡†ç¡®ï¼Œå› 为它是抽象的数目å—,在一般人心目ä¸å而留ä¸ä¸‹å¤šæ·±çš„å°è±¡ã€‚为了é¿å…统计数å—的令人麻木的效果,作者特æ„é€‰å‡ºäº†å‡ ä¸ªå…·ä½“çš„æ•…äº‹ï¼Œä½¿æŠ½è±¡çš„ç»Ÿè®¡æ•°å—å˜æˆäº†æ´»ç”Ÿç”Ÿçš„形象,使读者的心çµäº§ç”Ÿå¼ºçƒˆçš„震撼。
在本书的“缘起â€ä¸€ç« ä¸ï¼Œä½œè€…å‘自己æå‡ºäº†ä¸€ä¸ªå分é‡è¦çš„问题:为什么å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ä¸è±¡çŠ¹å¤ªäººçš„å¤§å± æ€æˆ–å¹¿å²›äº‹ä»¶é‚£æ ·æ·±æ·±åœ°å°åœ¨å…¨ä¸–界人民的脑海里?ç”æ¡ˆæ˜¯ï¼Œå› 为å—éš¾è€…ä¸€ç›´ä¿æŒæ²‰é»˜ã€‚然而,为什么å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€çš„å—难者并没有大声呼喊æ£ä¹‰?如果他们真的å‘出怒å¼ï¼Œä»–们的痛苦为什么没有得到广泛的呼应?作者说:â€œæˆ‘å¾ˆå¿«å°±å¼„æ¸…æ¥šï¼Œçœ‹ç®¡è¿™å¼ æ²‰é»˜ä¹‹å¸˜çš„å°±æ˜¯æ”¿æ²»ã€‚ä¸åŽäººæ°‘共和国ã€ä¸åŽæ°‘国,甚至美国,都è¦ä¸ºåކå²å¿½ç•¥è¿™ä¸ªäº‹ä»¶è´Ÿè´£ï¼ŒåŽŸå› å°±æ ¹æ¤äºŽå†·æˆ˜æ—¶æœŸã€‚一ä¹å››ä¹å¹´ï¼Œä¸å›½å…±äº§å…šè§£æ”¾é©å‘½ä¹‹åŽï¼Œä¸åŽäººæ°‘共和国和ä¸åŽæ°‘å›½ä¸¤å²¸æ”¿åºœï¼Œéƒ½æ²¡æœ‰å‘æ—¥æœ¬è¦æ±‚战争赔å¿ï¼ŒåŒæ–¹ä¸ºäº†ä¸Žæ—¥æœ¬ä»Žäº‹ç»è´¸ä»¥åŠäº‰å–政治承认,激烈较劲。å³ä½¿æ˜¯ç¾Žå›½ï¼Œåœ¨é¢å¯¹è‹è”与ä¸å›½å…±äº§ä¸»ä¹‰çš„å¨èƒæ—¶ï¼Œä¹Ÿå‘è¿‡åŽ»çš„æ•Œäººæ—¥æœ¬å¯»æ±‚é‚¦è°Šæ°¸å›ºä¸Žå¿ è¯šæ”¯æŒã€‚å› æ¤ï¼Œå¾—åŠ›äºŽå†·æˆ˜çš„ç´§å¼ å…³ç³»ï¼Œä½¿å¾—æ—¥æœ¬èƒ½å¤Ÿé€ƒè„±è®¸å¤šå¥¹çš„æˆ˜æ—¶ç›Ÿå‹åœ¨æˆ˜åŽæ‰€éå—的严厉审讯。â€ä¹Ÿè®¸ï¼Œå°±æ˜¯è¿™å¥ç®€å•的批评,使得这本书至今还ä¸èƒ½åœ¨å¤§é™†å…¬å¼€å‡ºç‰ˆã€‚
读完《被é—å¿˜çš„å¤§å± æ€ã€‹ï¼Œæˆ‘æ„Ÿåˆ°æœ‰å‡ ä¸ªé—®é¢˜å¿…é¡»å¼•èµ·æˆ‘ä»¬ä¸¥è‚ƒçš„æ€è€ƒã€‚
(1)为什么è¦å± æ€?
这个问题让很多å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€çš„ç ”ç©¶è€…éƒ½æ„Ÿåˆ°å›°æƒ‘ä¸è§£ã€‚å› ä¸ºå—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ä¸æ˜¯å‘生在战场上,而是å‘生在守å«å—京的ä¸å›½å†›é˜Ÿå·²ç»æ”¾å¼ƒæŠµæŠ—,日本军队已ç»å 领å—京之åŽã€‚å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€çš„æ»éš¾è€…ï¼Œä¸€éƒ¨ä»½æ˜¯å·²ç»æŠ•é™çš„军人,å¦å¤–åˆ™æ˜¯æ‰‹æ— å¯¸é“ã€å®Œå…¨æ²¡æœ‰è¿›è¡Œå抗的市民。
å¨å»‰â€¢æŸ¯æ¯”教授对å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ä¸€äº‹æ—¢æ„Ÿåˆ°éœ‡æƒŠï¼Œåˆæ„Ÿåˆ°å›°æƒ‘。他说,这ç§è¡Œä¸ºâ€œå…¬ç„¶è¿å战争的一切法则惯例。更令人诧异的是,日本的这些行为都是公开为之,显然是为了è¦å®žæ–½ææ€–çš„é«˜åŽ‹ç»Ÿæ²»ã€‚â€æŸ¯æ¯”说:â€œæˆ‘ä»¬ä¹Ÿè®¸æ°¸è¿œæ— æ³•ç¡®åˆ‡å¾—çŸ¥ï¼Œä¿ƒä½¿æ—¥æœ¬å¸ä»¤å®˜å’Œéƒ¨é˜ŸçŠ¯ä¸‹è¿™äº›å…½è¡Œçš„åŠ¨æœºåˆ°åº•ä½•åœ¨ã€‚â€
便ˆ‘çš„æŽ¨æµ‹ï¼Œæ—¥æœ¬äººè¿›è¡Œå¤§å± æ€ï¼Œå¯èƒ½æ˜¯æ•ˆä»¿å½“年满人入关åŽçš„â€œæ‰¬å·žåæ—¥å± â€ï¼Œå…¶ç›®çš„æ£åœ¨äºŽå½»åº•æ‘§æ¯å¯¹æ–¹çš„åæŠ—æ„志。我们知é“,åšä»»ä½•åäº‹éƒ½éœ€è¦æœ‰ä¸€ä¸ªå¥½å€Ÿå£ï¼Œä»»ä½•æš´è¡Œéƒ½éœ€è¦æŠŠè‡ªèº«åˆç†åŒ–,这ä¸åªæ˜¯ä¸ºäº†æ¬ºéª—åˆ«äººï¼Œé¦–å…ˆæ˜¯ä¸ºäº†æ¬ºéª—è‡ªå·±ã€‚é‚£ä¹ˆï¼Œæ—¥æœ¬ä¾µç•¥è€…åˆæ˜¯æ€Žæ ·ç»™è‡ªå·±æ‰¾å€Ÿå£çš„å‘¢?他们䏿˜¯è¯´è¦å’Œä¸å›½äººâ€œå…±å˜å…±è£â€ï¼Œå»ºç«‹â€œå¤§ä¸œäºšå…±è£åœˆâ€å—?ä¹Ÿè®¸æ—¥æœ¬äººä¼šè¿™æ ·ä¸ºè‡ªå·±è¾©æŠ¤ï¼Œä»–ä»¬è¯´ä¸å›½äººä¸çŸ¥å¥½æ¹ï¼Œæ¡€å‚²ä¸é©¯ï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥å…ˆå¿…须给他们厉害å°å°ï¼Œè®©ä»–们å“ç ´èƒ†ï¼Œä»Žæ¤ä¸æ•¢åå›ï¼Œè¿™å°±å«æ€äººç«‹å¨ï¼Œç„¶åŽæ‰èƒ½å®žè¡Œâ€œä»æ”¿â€ï¼Œå®žè¡Œâ€œçŽ‹é“â€ï¼Œä¹Ÿåªæœ‰åœ¨è¿™æ—¶ï¼Œä»–们æ‰ä¼šæŽ¥å—“大东亚共è£åœˆâ€ï¼Œæ‰èƒ½å¤Ÿäº«å—到“共å˜å…±è£â€ã€‚看æ¥ï¼Œè±¡è¿™ç§å…ˆæ€äººï¼Œç„¶åŽå†å®žè¡Œâ€œä»æ”¿â€çš„观点,象这ç§å…ˆé‡‡å–“åšå†³æŽªæ–½â€ï¼Œç„¶åŽæ‰èƒ½é€ æˆâ€œé•¿æœŸç¨³å®šå’Œå‘展â€çš„观点,并ä¸åªå±žäºŽæ—¥æœ¬ä¾µç•¥è€…。
(2)é¢å¯¹æ—¥æœ¬ä¾µç•¥è€…çš„å¤§å± æ€ï¼Œä¸å›½äººä¸ºä»€ä¹ˆä¸æ‹¼æ»å抗?
作者写到:“当日军在å二月å三日拂晓粉碎城墙时,他们进入的是一座人数远远超过他们的城市。历å²å¦å®¶åŽæ¥ä¼°è®¡ï¼Œè¶…过五å万平民以åŠä¹ä¸‡åä¸å›½éƒ¨é˜Ÿ(译注:应有å一万åä¸å›½éƒ¨é˜Ÿ)å—困在å—京,相较起æ¥ï¼Œæ”»å‡»å—äº¬åŸŽçš„æ—¥æœ¬å†›äººåªæœ‰äº”万人。â€ä¸€ä½æ—¥æœ¬å†›å®˜è¯´:“é¢å¯¹ä¸€å¤§ç¾¤ä¸Šåƒã€äº”åƒã€æˆ–是一万个人,光是è¦ä»–们缴械就æžç«¯å›°éš¾......,他们如果è¦é—¹äº‹çš„è¯ï¼Œå°±æ˜¯ä¸ªå¤§ç¾éš¾ã€‚â€
作者指出,日本采å–了æžå…¶é˜´é™©ç‹ 毒的办法,“先å‡è£…ç”应è¦å…¬å¹³å¯¹å¾…ä¸å›½äººï¼Œä»¥æ¢å–ä»–ä»¬ç»“æŸæŠµæŠ—ï¼Œå“„éª—ä»–ä»¬å‘æ—¥æœ¬å¾æœè€…投é™ï¼ŒæŠŠæ¯ä¸€ç™¾æˆ–两百个ä¸å›½äººåˆ†ä¸ºä¸€ç¾¤ï¼Œç„¶åŽå†å°†ä»–们诱骗到å—京近郊ä¸åŒçš„åœ°æ–¹æ€æŽ‰ã€‚â€
这就是为什么柯比教授è¦è°´è´£å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€â€œå…¬ç„¶è¿å战争的一切法则惯例â€ã€‚我们知é“,å³ä½¿åœ¨é‡Žè›®çš„å¤ä»£ï¼Œäº¤æˆ˜åŒæ–¹å¸¸å¸¸æ— 所ä¸ç”¨å…¶æžï¼Œä½†ä¸€èˆ¬è€Œè¨€è¿˜æ˜¯å˜åœ¨ç€ä¸€äº›è§„çŸ©æˆ–ä¹ æƒ¯çš„ï¼Œè±¡å¤å…¸å°è¯´é‡Œæ—¶å¸¸æåˆ°çš„â€œä¸æ€é™å°†ã€â€â€œä¸æ–©æ¥ä½¿â€ã€‚近代以æ¥ï¼Œäººé“ä¸»ä¹‰æ€æ½®æµè¡Œï¼Œäººç±»çš„æ–‡æ˜Žç¨‹åº¦æœ‰äº†æ˜¾è‘—çš„æé«˜ã€‚这体现在å„ç§é¢†åŸŸâ€”—包括战争——都确立了一系列法则惯例。æ£å› ä¸ºè¿™äº›æ³•åˆ™æƒ¯ä¾‹å·²ç»æ¯”较深入人心,所以投é™çš„ä¸å›½å†›é˜Ÿå¾ˆå®¹æ˜“心å˜ä¾¥å¹¸ï¼Œè¿™æ ·å°±è½è¿›äº†æ—¥æœ¬äººçš„圈套。
柯比教授到底是美国人,有美国人特有的天真,相信什么事都是有法则有惯例,相信一般人都是è¦éµå®ˆçš„。长期生活在文明世界的人 
æ¯æ¯ä¼šæŠŠç§ç§æ–‡æ˜Žçš„è§„åˆ™æƒ¯ä¾‹è§†ä¸ºç†æ‰€å½“ç„¶ã€‚è¿™æ—¢æ˜¯æ–‡æ˜Žçš„åŠ›é‡æ‰€åœ¨ï¼Œä¹Ÿæ˜¯æ–‡æ˜Žçš„弱点所在。其实,文明从æ¥ä¸æ˜¯å½“ç„¶çš„ã€‚æžæƒæ€ªç‰©çš„å´›èµ·ï¼Œä»¥å‰æ‰€æœªæœ‰çš„规模蔑视ã€è·µè¸äººç±»æ–‡æ˜Žçš„å„ç§è§„åˆ™æƒ¯ä¾‹ï¼Œå¤§å¤šæ•°äººç”±äºŽç¼ºå°‘æ€æƒ³å‡†å¤‡ï¼Œå¾€å¾€åœ¨è¿™ç±»æš´è¡Œé¢å‰è¡¨çŽ°å¾—æƒŠæå¤±æŽªã€‚于是,å„ç§æ–‡æ˜Žçš„规则惯例便æ¯äºŽä¸€æ—¦ã€‚这一教è®ï¼Œæˆ‘们必须认真å¸å–。
(3)如作者所言:“现在我们é¢ä¸´åˆ°ä»¤äººæœ€å›°æƒ‘的问题——在å—京的日本士兵的心ç†çжæ€ã€‚åœ¨è¿™äº›æ‰‹æŒæ¥ç¦æžªä¸Žåˆºåˆ€çš„é’少年士兵心ä¸ï¼Œåˆ°åº•有什么力é‡é©±ä½¿ä»–ä»¬åŽ»çŠ¯ä¸‹è¿™ç§æš´è¡Œ?â€
现在æµè¡ŒæŠŠä»€ä¹ˆæ˜¯éƒ½å½’åˆ°æ–‡åŒ–ï¼Œå½’åˆ°æ°‘æ—æ€§ï¼Œå½’到宗教,ç‰ç‰ã€‚作者ä¸èµžæˆè¿™ç§è§‚ç‚¹ï¼Œå› ä¸ºâ€œäººç±»æ•°åƒå¹´åކ岿¸…æ¥šåœ°æ˜¾ç¤ºï¼Œæ²¡æœ‰å“ªä¸ªç§æ—或文化,独有战争期间的残酷暴行â€(当然,å驳者å¯ä»¥è¯´ï¼Œæ¯•竟,象å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€è¿™æ ·çš„æš´è¡Œä¹Ÿä¸æ˜¯æ¯ä¸ªç§æ—或文化都犯下过的)。作者更强调教育的作用。她指出:â€œå› ä¸ºä»–ä»¬æ‰€å—到的教育,是除了天皇,所有个人的生命——å³ä½¿æ˜¯è‡ªå·±çš„ç”Ÿå‘½â€”â€”éƒ½æ¯«æ— ä»·å€¼å¯è¨€â€ã€‚一个å‚åŠ è¿‡å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€çš„æ—¥æœ¬å†›äººåŽæ¥å‘Šè¯‰ä½œè€…,他们当年接å—çš„æ•™è‚²å°±æ˜¯â€œå¿ è´žé‡äºŽæ³°å±±ï¼Œç”Ÿå‘½è½»äºŽé¸¿æ¯›â€ã€‚ä¸ºå¤©çš‡è€Œæ»æ˜¯è‡³é«˜æ— 上的光è£ï¼Œè¢«æ•Œäººç”Ÿæ“’æ´»æ‰åˆ™æ˜¯æœ€å¤§çš„耻辱。“如果我的生命ä¸å€¼é’±ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆæ•Œäººçš„æ€§å‘½å°±æ›´ä¸å€¼é’±......。这ç§å“²å¦è®©æˆ‘ä»¬è½»è§†æ•Œäººï¼Œæœ€ç»ˆé€ æˆå¤§å± æ€ï¼Œå¹¶æ¶æ„凌辱俘è™ã€‚â€è®¸å¤šæ—¥æœ¬å†›äººåŽæ¥å›žå¿†è¯´ï¼Œå½“他们以新兵的身份åˆä¸Šå± 场时,心里还很害怕,但ä¸ä¹…åŽï¼Œæ„Ÿè§‰å°±è¿Ÿé’äº†ï¼Œé€æ¸å¦ä¼šäº†å± æ€ï¼ŒæŠŠæš´è¡Œå½“作例行公事。
《被é—å¿˜çš„å¤§å± æ€ã€‹ä¸€ä¹¦å¯¹æ—¥æœ¬ä¾µç•¥è€…进行了严厉的谴责。但本书的价值还在于它ä¸ä»…仅是谴责。在“åŽè®°â€é‡Œï¼Œä½œè€…å¼•å‡ºäº†ä¸‰æ¡æ·±åˆ»çš„åŽ†å²æ•™è®ã€‚ä¸€ã€æ–‡æ˜Žæœ¬èº«è„†è–„如纸,人类是很容易被形形色色的压制善良本性的“主义â€ç…½åŠ¨èµ·æ¥çš„。二ã€â€œæƒåŠ›ä½¿äººæ€æˆ®ï¼Œç»å¯¹çš„æƒåŠ›ç»å¯¹çš„æ€æˆ®ã€‚â€è¶Šæ˜¯ä¸å—制约的æƒåŠ›ï¼Œè¶Šå®¹æ˜“çªå‘奇想去åšå‡ºæ®‹é…·çš„æš´è¡Œã€‚三ã€äººæ€§çš„æœ¬è´¨å夿— 常,åªè¦ç¾éš¾å‘生在别人身上,对自己没有å¨èƒï¼Œä¸€èˆ¬äººå°±å¾ˆå®¹æ˜“æŽ¥å—æš´è¡Œã€‚
è¿™ä¸‰æ¡æ•™è®éƒ½æ˜¯åŸºäºŽå¯¹äººæ€§ä¸æ¶çš„一é¢ä¸æ•¢æŽ‰ä»¥è½»å¿ƒã€‚如果我们对人性估计得悲观一些,也许我们倒更有å¯èƒ½åŽ»é¿å…人类的悲剧。
1998å¹´ (11/12/2004 11:24:47 AM)
本站网å€ï¼šhttp://guancha.org
10. BBC䏿–‡ç½‘记者 é城 介紹å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€å’Œä½œè€…張純和
BBC䏿–‡ç½‘记者 é城
最近休å‡ï¼Œå‚åŠ äº†ä¸€ä¸ªæ¬§é™†å…国"轮上游"。这里说的"è½®"䏿˜¯è½®èˆ¹çš„"è½®",而是车轮åçš„"è½®":åç€æ—…游车,走马观花地周游列国。这ç§è§‚光方å¼ï¼Œå¥½å¤„是çœå¿ƒï¼šèµ·å±…å行ã€åƒå–æ‹‰æ’’ï¼Œå‡æœ‰äººæ›¿ä½ 安排;å处是枯燥:大部分时间都消耗在"è½®å"上,好ä¸å®¹æ˜“到了旅游景点,导游åªç»™æ¸¸å®¢ä¸€ä¸ªå°æ—¶çš„自由活动时间,一去一回耗去åŠä¸ªå°æ—¶ï¼Œå‰©ä¸‹åŠä¸ªå°æ—¶åªèƒ½åŒ†åŒ†æ‹å‡ å¼ ç…§ç‰‡ã€‚
éš¾æ€ªæœ‰äººç¼–äº†æ®µå„¿é¡ºå£æºœï¼Œä¸“é—¨è®¥è®½è¿™ç§æ—…游方å¼ï¼š"上车ç¡è§‰ï¼Œåœè½¦æ’’尿,下车æ‹ç…§ï¼Œå›žåˆ°å®¶åŽä»€ä¹ˆä¹Ÿä¸çŸ¥é“。"
ä¸è¿‡ï¼Œæˆ‘这趟"轮上游"就连"上车ç¡è§‰"也ç¡ä¸å®‰ç”Ÿï¼šååæ‘Šä¸Šäº†ä¸€ä¸ªçƒæƒ…ã€ä½†å–‹å–‹ä¸ä¼‘çš„è·å…°è£”é’年女导游,一路ä¸åœåœ°ç”¨å¥¹é‚£å¸¦ç€æµ“é‡è·å…°å£éŸ³çš„è‹±è¯æ‰“扰我们的ç¡çœ ,ä¸åŽŒå…¶çƒ¦åœ°ä»‹ç»åˆ°è®¿å›½çš„历å²åœ°ç†ã€é£ŽåœŸäººæƒ…。
例如,到了德国,她便从德国的å胜å¤è¿¹è°ˆå¼€æ¥ï¼Œä¸€ç›´è°ˆåˆ°ä¸œå¾·æ›¾ç»åŽ†è¿‡çš„å…±äº§ä¸»ä¹‰åˆ¶åº¦ï¼š"åƒæˆ‘们这么大的西欧é’年人,对åå‡ å¹´å‰ä¸œæ¬§å®žè¡Œçš„共产主义制度,å¯èƒ½æ²¡æœ‰ä»€ä¹ˆåˆ‡èº«ç»åŽ†ï¼Œä½†æˆ‘ä»¬å¯¹ä¸€äº›å…±äº§ä¸»ä¹‰å›½å®¶çš„ç‹¬è£è€…çš„åå—,å´è€³ç†Ÿèƒ½è¯¦ï¼Œæ¯”如说,最有å的共产党独è£è€…,就是我们现在访问的德国的希特勒。"
è¿™å¥è¯ç®—是把我残å˜çš„é›¶æ˜Ÿç¡æ„å½»åº•é©±æ•£äº†ï¼šå¸Œç‰¹å‹’ä»€ä¹ˆæ—¶å€™åŠ å…¥çš„å…±äº§å…šï¼Ÿä»–åˆæ€Žä¹ˆä¸Žä¸œå¾·æ‰¯ä¸Šäº†å…³ç³»ï¼Ÿæˆ‘䏿ƒ³å¬å¥¹çµ®å¨äº†ï¼Œåˆæ— 法入ç¡ï¼Œç´¢æ€§ç¿»èµ·äº†ä¸´è¡Œå‰åŒ†åŒ†å€Ÿæ¥çš„一本消闲书。
"第一本英文专著"
大概我借书时太匆忙了,连书å都没æ¥å¾—åŠçœ‹ã€‚è¿™æœ¬è‹±æ–‡ä¹¦çš„å¤§å°æ ‡é¢˜åˆ†åˆ«æ˜¯ï¼šã€Šå—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ï¼šç¬¬äºŒæ¬¡ä¸–界大战ä¸è¢«é—å¿˜çš„å¤§å± æ€ã€‹ï¼Œä½œè€…是美国åŽè£”å¥³ä½œå®¶å¼ çº¯å¦‚ã€‚
è¿™å¯ä¸æ˜¯ä¸€æœ¬æ¶ˆé—²ä¹¦ã€‚就连我这个从å°åœ¨ä¸å›½å¤§é™†é•¿å¤§ã€ç»å¸¸å—到"æ—¥å†›ä¾µåŽæš´è¡Œæ•™è‚²"çš„åŽäººï¼Œçœ‹äº†è¿™æœ¬ä¹¦æè¿°çš„血腥的å²å®žï¼Œéƒ½éœ‡æƒŠå¾—说ä¸å‡ºè¯æ¥ã€‚
 |
å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ä¸æˆåƒä¸Šä¸‡å…·å°¸ä½“è¢«åŸ‹åœ¨æ²Ÿæ¸ ä¹‹ä¸
|
å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€â”€â”€åœ¨ä¸å›½æ—¶ï¼Œè¿™ä¸ªè¯æˆ‘å¬è¿‡å¤šæ¬¡ï¼Œä½†å½“时的教育往往åé‡äºŽå¼ºè°ƒå…±äº§å…šæŠ—æ—¥å¦‚ä½•å¦‚ä½•è‹±å‹‡ã€å›½æ°‘党如何如何"内战内行ã€å¤–战外行"ç‰ç‰ï¼Œæ—¥å†›çš„æš´è¡Œå€’æˆäº†æ— 关宿—¨çš„事情,å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ä¹Ÿæˆäº†ä¸€ä¸ªååˆ†ç©ºæ´žã€æ¨¡ç³Šã€æŠ½è±¡çš„åè¯ï¼Œç›´åˆ°çœ‹äº†è¿™æœ¬ä¹¦ï¼Œè¿™äº”ä¸ªå—æ‰æˆäº†å—å—触目惊心ã€è¡€è‚‰æ¨ªé£žçš„æš´è™ã€è‹¦éš¾çš„象å¾......
ä½œè€…å¼ çº¯å¦‚å¼€å®—æ˜Žä¹‰ï¼Œè¿™æ ·ä»‹ç»å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ï¼š"人类残酷对待åŒç±»çš„历å²çºªäº‹ï¼Œæ˜¯ä¸€æ®µæ¼«é•¿è€Œæ‚²ä¼¤çš„æ•…事。如果è¦å°†è¿™ç±»ææ€–的故事作一比较,那么,在世界历å²ä¸ï¼Œå¾ˆå°‘有哪些暴行,在强度与规模上,能与二次世界大战期间的å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ç›¸æŠ—衡。"
套用她的å¥åž‹ï¼Œæˆ‘也有个疑问:如果说这本书的书å符åˆåކå²çœŸå®žçš„è¯ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆï¼Œè¿™æ®µæƒ¨ç»äººå¯°çš„历å²åˆæ˜¯æ€Žä¹ˆè½åˆ°"被é—忘"的境地的呢?
æŒ‰ç…§ä½œè€…çš„æ„æ€ï¼Œè¿™æ®µåކå²è‡³å°‘在西方"被é—忘"了。
的确,这本书在1997年出版åŽï¼Œæ›¾è¿žç»å周被列入《纽约时报》畅销书排行榜,并被西方书评家誉之为"第一本详细记录å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€çš„英文历å²ä¹¦"。
第一本?ï¼
æ®è¯´ï¼Œåœ¨äººæ‰æµŽæµŽçš„西方å²å¦ç•Œï¼Œå‡ åƒå¹´çš„ä¸–ç•Œå²æ—©å·²ç»åƒçˆ±æ‰“扮的黑人少女的头å‘,ä¸çŸ¥è¢«æ¢³ç†ã€ç¼–结过多少次了。åŒä¸ºç¬¬äºŒæ¬¡ä¸–界大战的历å²ï¼Œä¸€äº›åކå²å¦å®¶å·²ç»"深入"ç ”ç©¶åˆ°å¸Œç‰¹å‹’çš„æ€§å€¾å‘。但在å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€å‘生å…å年之åŽï¼Œè¥¿æ–¹æ‰å‡ºç‰ˆäº†"第一本"ç ”ç©¶è¿™æ®µåŽ†å²çš„英文专著ï¼
å¦‚æžœä½ ä¸ç›¸ä¿¡"第一本"之说,那么,西方å²å¦æƒå¨çš„è¯åº”该ä¸é”™ï¼šç¾Žå›½å“ˆä½›å¤§å¦åކå²ç³»ä¸»ä»»æŸ¯å°”比在为这本书撰写的åºè¨€ä¸ä¹Ÿè¯´å®ƒæ˜¯"ç¬¬ä¸€æœ¬å……åˆ†ç ”ç©¶å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€çš„英文著作",他还承认,"å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€åœ¨å¾ˆå¤§ç¨‹åº¦ä¸Šè¢«è¥¿æ–¹äººé—忘了。"
作者本人也说:"许多美国人第一次å¬è¯´å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€çš„事,读完书åŽï¼Œä»–们都震惊了。"æ®å¥¹è¯´ï¼Œå¥¹åœ¨å‡ 次演讲ä¸ï¼Œç¾Žå›½è¯»è€…å¸¸å¸¸è¡¨ç¤ºä»–ä»¬çš„éœ‡æƒŠå’Œæ— æ³•ç†è§£ï¼Œè¿žè¿žè¯¢é—®ï¼šæ—¥æœ¬äººæ€Žä¹ˆèƒ½å¤Ÿè¿™ä¹ˆæ²¡æœ‰äººæ€§ï¼Ÿ
其实,从æŸç§æ„义上æ¥è¯´ï¼Œè¿™ç§"被é—忘"也ä¸å±€é™äºŽè¥¿æ–¹ã€‚暂且ä¸è¯´ç”±äºŽæ—¥æœ¬å³ç¿¼åŠ¿åŠ›çš„æžåŠ›å¦è®¤å’Œæ—¥æœ¬æ”¿åºœçš„æœ‰æ„æ·¡åŒ–é€ æˆäº†æ—¥æœ¬é’年一代对那一段历å²çš„æ— 知,å³ä½¿åœ¨å—害国ä¸å›½ï¼Œåކå²çš„真实ã€å—害者的痛苦åŠå…¶ç´¢èµ”è¦æ±‚ï¼Œä¹Ÿå¾€å¾€æ·¹æ²¡åœ¨å°æµ·ä¸¤å²¸ä¸¤ä¸ªæ•Œå¯¹æ”¿æƒçš„äº’ç›¸çŸ›ç›¾çš„å®˜æ–¹å®£ä¼ å’Œç«žç›¸å¤–äº¤æ‹‰æ‹¢æ—¥æœ¬çš„æ”¿æ²»è€ƒé‡ä¹‹ä¸‹ã€‚
至今ä»åœ¨åˆ¶é€ 冤é‚
白天游历过的德国城镇整æ´å¹½é™ï¼Œå»ºç‘别致精美,很难想象,这里曾ç»å¦‚导游所说,被二战盟军猛烈的空è¢è½°ç‚¸è¿‡ã€‚
晚上ä½è¿›é…’店,一则英è¯ç”µè§†æ–°é—»å¸å¼•了我的注æ„力:ä¸å›½ä¸œåŒ—黑龙江çœå‘生第二次世界大战日军é—ç•™åŒ–å¦æ¦å™¨é€ æˆçš„æ¯’气泄æ¼äº‹ä»¶ï¼Œä¸å›½å½“局就æ¤äº‹å¯¹æ—¥æœ¬æ–¹é¢æå‡ºç´¢å¿ã€‚
我想起柯尔比为《å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹æ‰€ä½œåºè¨€ä¸çš„一段è¯ï¼š"å…å年之åŽï¼Œå—京的冤é‚们ä»ç„¶ç¼ ç€ä¸æ—¥å…³ç³»ä¸æ”¾ã€‚"
旅程结æŸåŽï¼Œå›žåˆ°è‹±å›½ï¼Œæˆ‘æ‰çŸ¥é“ï¼Œæ—¥æœ¬ä¾µåŽæˆ˜äº‰çš„"åŽé—ç—‡"至今ä»åœ¨åˆ¶é€ 新的冤é‚ï¼šæ®æŠ¥é“,在今年8月é½é½å“ˆå°”å‘ç”Ÿçš„ä¾µåŽæ—¥å†›é—弃毒剂泄æ¼äº‹ä»¶ä¸ä¸æ¯’的数ååä¸å›½äººä¸ï¼Œå·²æœ‰ä¸€äººï¼ˆæ²³å—æ°‘å·¥æŽè´µçï¼‰å› ä¸ºå¤šå™¨å®˜è¡°ç«äºŽ8月21日去世。
妿®é¦™æ¸¯ä¼ 媒最新的报é“,这次毒剂泄æ¼äº‹ä»¶å’Œæ—¥æœ¬å³ç¿¼å›¢ä½“冿¬¡å¼ºç™»é’“鱼岛ç‰äº‹ä»¶å¯¼è‡´ä¸å›½æ°‘é—´åæ—¥æƒ…绪急é½å‡æ¸©ï¼Œä¸€äº›ä¸å›½æ°‘间团体æ£åœ¨ç–划"百万网å‹è”åè¦æ±‚æ—¥æœ¬æ”¿åºœèµ”å¿æ¯’气弹ä¸å›½æ°‘é—´å—害者并彻底清除é—留毒气弹"活动,并将在今年9月18日将百万ç¾å递交到日本驻åŽä½¿é¦†ã€‚
ç»å¸¸åœ¨ä¸å›½æµ·å†…外䏿–‡ç½‘站上æµè§ˆçš„人都知é“,网上涉åŠä¸å¤–关系的最为"ç«çˆ†"è¯é¢˜ï¼Œé™¤äº†ä¸ç¾Žå…³ç³»ä¹‹å¤–,接下æ¥å°±è¦å±žä¸æ—¥å…³ç³»äº†ï¼Œä½†ä¸Žä¸ç¾Žå…³ç³»è¯é¢˜ä¸åŒçš„æ˜¯ï¼Œè°ˆè®ºä¸ç¾Žå…³ç³»è‡³å°‘还有亲美ã€å美两派互相å«é˜µï¼Œè°ˆè®ºä¸æ—¥å…³ç³»å´å‡ 乎是一é¢å€’çš„è®¨ä¼æ—¥æœ¬ï¼Œé²œæœ‰å…¬å¼€ä¸ºæ—¥æœ¬è¯´è¯çš„人,å³ä½¿å†…å¿ƒè¿™æ ·æƒ³ï¼Œå£å¤´ä¸Šä¹Ÿé¦–先声明自己ç»å¯¹ä¸æ˜¯"亲日派"ã€‚å‰æ®µæ—¶é—´ï¼Œä¸å…±å…šæŠ¥ã€Šäººæ°‘æ—¥æŠ¥ã€‹è¯„è®ºéƒ¨ä¸»ä»»é©¬ç«‹è¯šåœ¨ã€Šæˆ˜ç•¥ä¸Žç®¡ç†ã€‹æ‚志上å‘表了一篇å为《对日关系新æ€ç»´ã€‹çš„æ–‡ç« ï¼Œè®¤ä¸ºæ—¥æœ¬é“æ‰é—®é¢˜å·²ç»è§£å†³ï¼Œä¸»å¼ ä¸å›½æ”¿åºœåº”è¯¥æŽ¥å—æ—¥æœ¬æ¬²æˆä¸ºæ”¿æ²»ã€å†›äº‹å¤§å›½çš„诉求,在网上é到大多数网民的愤怒讨ä¼ã€‚
分æžä¸å›½ç½‘民的这ç§ä¸€é¢å€’çš„åæ—¥æƒ…绪时,å³ä½¿æ˜¯æ¯”较客观ã€ä¸ç«‹ã€ç”šè‡³å†…心亲日的å¦è€…ï¼Œä¹Ÿæ— æ³•å¦è®¤å…¶ä¸æœ‰åކå²ä¸Šæ—¥æœ¬ä¾µåŽæš´è¡Œæ˜å½°ã€ä½†è‡³ä»Šæ—¥æœ¬æ”¿åºœä»ç„¶ç¼ºä¹çœŸæ£å¿æ‚”诚æ„çš„å› ç´ åœ¨å†…ã€‚
这次é½é½å“ˆå°”毒剂泄æ¼äº‹ä»¶å‘生之åŽï¼Œã€Šå—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹çš„ä½œè€…å¼ çº¯å¦‚è¡¨ç¤ºï¼Œè¿™ä¸€äº‹ä»¶å¯¹æ—¥æœ¬åœ¨äºŒæˆ˜æœŸé—´æ‰€çŠ¯ä¸‹çš„æˆ˜äº‰æš´è¡Œæ¥è¯´ï¼Œä¸è¿‡æ˜¯å†°å±±ä¸€è§’ï¼Œä½†æ˜¯è¶³ä»¥è¯æ˜Žæ—¥æœ¬ä¸€äº›æ”¿è¦å’Œå³ç¿¼åˆ†å试图抵赖的日军战争暴行。她强调说,日军二战期间在ä¸å›½å’Œå…¶å®ƒäºšæ´²å›½å®¶çš„æš´è¡Œä¸€ç›´æ²¡æœ‰å—到认真追究,她希望日本跟过去的战争阴影彻底决裂,è¦åƒå¾·å›½äººé‚£æ ·çœŸè¯šå¿æ‚”å‘åŠ¨ä¾µç•¥æˆ˜äº‰å’Œå¯¹çŠ¹å¤ªäººå®žè¡Œç§æ—å± æ€ç‰ç½ªè¡Œï¼Œå¯¹è¢«ä¾µç•¥å›½å®¶çš„å—å®³è€…è´Ÿèµ·è´£ä»»ï¼Œå¯¹åŽ†å²æœ‰æ‰€äº¤å¾…。
 |
æ—…æ—¥ä¸å›½å¦ç”ŸæŠ—è®®å¦è®¤å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€çš„ä¼å›¾
|
å¼ çº¯å¦‚åœ¨ã€Šå—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹ä¸€ä¹¦ä¸å¯¹æ—¥å†›æˆ˜äº‰æš´è¡Œ"一直没有å—到认真追究"çš„åŽŸå› è¿›è¡Œäº†è®¤çœŸåœ°æŽ¢è®¨ã€‚
她认为,ä¸åŽäººæ°‘共和国ã€ä¸åŽæ°‘国,甚至美国,都è¦ä¸ºæ¤è´Ÿè´£ã€‚她指出,在被害国ä¸å›½ï¼Œ1949å¹´åŽï¼Œå°æ¹¾æµ·å³¡ä¸¤å²¸çš„两个敌对政æƒç”±äºŽç«žç›¸äº‰å–对日贸易以åŠäº‰å–æ—¥æœ¬çš„å¤–äº¤æ‰¿è®¤ï¼Œéƒ½æ”¾å¼ƒäº†å¯¹æ—¥ç´¢èµ”çš„è¦æ±‚ï¼›å³ä½¿æ˜¯ç¾Žå›½ï¼Œåœ¨é¢å¯¹è‹è”与ä¸å›½å…±äº§ä¸»ä¹‰çš„å¨èƒæ—¶ï¼Œä¹Ÿå‘è¿‡åŽ»çš„æ•Œäººæ—¥æœ¬å¯»æ±‚é‚¦è°Šæ°¸å›ºä¸Žå¿ è¯šæ”¯æŒï¼Œç¾Žå›½å†›äº‹å é¢†å½“å±€æ”¾å¼ƒäº†å½»åº•æ¸…æ´—è´Ÿæœ‰æˆ˜äº‰è´£ä»»çš„æ—¥æœ¬é¢†å¯¼å±‚çš„æƒ³æ³•ï¼Œé™¤äº†å®¡åˆ¤äº†å°‘æ•°å‡ ä¸ªè‡åæ˜è‘—的战犯之外,基本上没有触动战å‰çš„æ—¥æœ¬å®˜åƒšä½“系,并放任许多战争罪犯逃é¿äº†æƒ©ç½šï¼›è€Œåœ¨åŠ å®³å›½æ—¥æœ¬ï¼Œå³ç¿¼åŠ¿åŠ›å’Œä¸€äº›æ”¿è¦æ›´æ˜¯åƒæ–¹ç™¾è®¡æ·¡åŒ–ã€ç”šè‡³å¦è®¤å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€çš„å˜åœ¨ã€‚
作者说:"在世界舆论法åºä¹‹å‰ï¼Œæ—¥æœ¬å¯¹å…¶æˆ˜æ—¶è¡Œå¾„æ¯«æ— æ‚”æ„,直至今天ä»å¦‚æ¤ã€‚二次世界大战åŽä¸ä¹…,å³ä½¿æˆ˜äº‰æ³•åºåˆ¤å®šæ—¥æœ¬çš„一些领袖触犯战争罪,日本人ä»å¤„心积虑地设法é¿å…文明世界的é“德审判。德国å—到这ç§é“å¾·å®¡åˆ¤ï¼Œå¯¹è‡ªå·±çš„ç½ªè¡Œå¦æ‰¿ä¸è®³ï¼›æ—¥æœ¬å´æŒç»é€ƒé¿å®¡åˆ¤ï¼Œé‚æˆå¦ä¸€ç§ç½ªè¡Œçš„罪é祸首。"
作者特别引述了诺è´å°”奖得主维厄瑟尔的è¦å‘Šï¼š"é—å¿˜å¤§å± æ€ï¼Œå°±æ˜¯äºŒæ¬¡å± æ€ã€‚"
æˆè§ã€æ„¿æœ›ä¸ŽçœŸç›¸
说实è¯ï¼Œå¦‚今回忆这次为期一周的走马观花å¼çš„æ¬§é™†å…国行,脑å空空如也,å°è±¡æ·±åˆ»çš„å¤§æ¦‚åªæœ‰åœ¨"è½®å"上读完的那本《å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹å’Œé‚£ä½ç§°å¸Œç‰¹å‹’是共产党独è£è€…çš„è·å…°è£”导游å°å§äº†ã€‚
记得我们乘åçš„æ—…æ¸¸è½¦æŠµè¾¾æ³•å›½æµ·æ¸¯åŸŽå¸‚åŠ èŽ±æ—¶ï¼Œè¿™ä½å¯¼æ¸¸å°å§ä¸Žæˆ‘们é“别,她兴致勃勃地说:"æŠŠä½ ä»¬é€ä¸ŠåŽ»è‹±å›½çš„æ¸¡è½®ä¹‹åŽï¼Œæˆ‘è¿˜è¦æŽ¥å¦ä¸€æ‰¹æ¸¸å®¢ï¼Œä¹Ÿæ˜¯æ¬§é™†å¤šå›½æ¸¸ï¼Œä½†æ—¶é—´æ˜¯ä¸‰å‘¨ï¼"
想到她å¯èƒ½ä¼šæ›´çƒæƒ…ã€æ›´è®¤çœŸåœ°å‘这批游客介ç»å¸Œç‰¹å‹’是共产党独è£è€…,我ä¸ç¦æ„Ÿåˆ°æœ‰äº›æ»‘稽。
ä¸é”™ï¼Œå¸Œç‰¹å‹’和共产党都æžç‹¬è£ï¼Œä½†æ¯•竟是两个ä¸åŒæžç«¯çš„独è£ï¼Œè€Œä¸”曾ç»å½¼æ¤äº’è§†å¯¹æ–¹ä¸ºæ»æ•Œã€‚åªæœ‰æžæ¸…两者的异åŒï¼Œæ‰èƒ½æ›´å¥½åœ°é˜²æ¢æˆ–对抗ä¸åŒå½¢å¼çš„独è£ã€‚æˆ‘æƒ³ï¼Œå¤§æ¦‚æ˜¯å› ä¸ºè¥¿æ–¹æ”¿åºœæˆ–ä¼ åª’å¯¹å¸Œç‰¹å‹’å’Œå…±äº§å…šçš„ç±»ä¼¼çš„å¦–é”åŒ–å®£ä¼ ï¼Œæ‰è‡´ä½¿è¿™ä½å¹´è½»çš„导游å°å§è¯¯æŠŠä¸¤è€…混为一谈的å§ï¼Ÿ
我çªç„¶æƒ³èµ·ã€Šå—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹ä¸€ä¹¦ä¸çš„ä¸€ä¸ªç»†èŠ‚ï¼šå¤§å± æ€æœŸé—´ï¼Œå—äº¬åŸŽå†…ä¸€äº›å¤–å›½äººä¸ºäº†ä¿æŠ¤å¹³æ°‘ï¼Œæˆç«‹äº†"å—京安全区",使数以å万计的ä¸å›½å¹³æ°‘å…éæ—¥å†›çš„å± æ€å’Œå¼ºå¥¸ã€‚与一般人头脑ä¸çš„æˆè§ç›¸å,"å—京安全区国际委员会"的主å¸å´æ˜¯å¾·å›½çº³ç²¹å…šåœ¨å—京的负责人拉è´ã€‚日军的暴行使拉è´å†…心ä¸çš„人é“主义本能战胜了他的政治信念,他ä¸ä»…é¢†å¯¼äº†å®‰å…¨åŒºçš„ä¿æŠ¤å¹³æ°‘çš„å·¥ä½œï¼Œè¿˜åˆ©ç”¨èº«ä¸Šä½©æˆ´çš„çº³ç²¹æ ‡å¿—æ‰€æä¾›çš„ä¿æŠ¤åŠŸèƒ½ï¼ˆå½“æ—¶å¾·å›½æ˜¯æ—¥æœ¬çš„ç›Ÿå›½ï¼‰ï¼Œèµ°å‡ºå®‰å…¨åŒºï¼Œäº²è‡ªåˆ¶æ¢æ—¥å†›æš´è¡Œï¼Œæœ‰ä¸€æ¬¡ï¼Œä»–甚至把一个æ£åœ¨å¼ºå¥¸ä¸å›½å°‘女的"盟军士兵"ä»ŽèƒŒåŽæªèµ·æ¥ã€‚尽管拉è´å›žå›½åŽå› 为æéœ²ç›Ÿå›½æ—¥æœ¬çš„æš´è¡Œæ›¾ç»é到纳粹秘密è¦å¯Ÿçš„逮æ•,但战åŽä»–ä»ç„¶å› 为纳粹党人的身份而å—到英美å 领当局的整肃,当年被å—äº¬äººè§†ä¸ºæ•‘æ˜Ÿçš„æ‹‰è´æˆ˜åŽå´åœ¨"自由世界"丢了工作,家人也ä¸å¾—ä¸é 野èœå……饥......
这就是历å²ï¼Œä¸Žæˆè§ç›¸æ‚–ã€ä¸Žæ„¿æœ›ç›¸è¿ã€ä½†çœŸçœŸåˆ‡åˆ‡çš„历å²ã€‚《å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹ä¸€ä¹¦æ—¢æéœ²äº†æ—¥å†›æžåŠ›æŽ©ç›–çš„æš´è¡ŒåŽ†å²ï¼Œä¹Ÿæ²¡æœ‰å› 为"政治æ£ç¡®"而é¿è®³ä¸Žæ‹‰è´æœ‰å…³çš„历å²ã€‚
è”æƒ³èµ·é‚£ä½å•纯的导游å°å§ï¼Œæˆ‘似乎明白了历å²ç©¶ç«Ÿæ˜¯æ€Žä¹ˆè¢«é—å¿˜ã€æ€Žä¹ˆè¢«æ··æ·†çš„.....
11. å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€æ˜¯ä¸æ˜¯è°Žè¨€ï¼Ÿ
2000å¹´12月14æ—¥ æ ¼æž—å°¼æ²»æ ‡å‡†æ—¶é—´12:37北京时间20:37å‘表
å—äº¬æ°‘ä¼—æŠ—è®®æ‹†å± æ€çºªå¿µç¢‘
在日本留å¦çš„ä¸å›½å¦ç”Ÿæ›¾åœ¨æ—¥æœ¬ä¸¾è¡Œæœ‰å…³å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€çš„示å¨
BBC䏿–‡ç½‘ä¸å›½ç‰¹çº¦è®°è€… 晓波:
在å—äº¬ï¼Œä¸€ä¸ªæœ‰å…³æ—¥å†›ä¾µåŽæ—¶è¿›è¡Œçš„å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€çš„纪念碑在一家酒店的兴建过程ä¸è¢«æ‹†å¸ï¼ŒåŽæ¥æƒ¹èµ·æ°‘愤,令上åƒåçš„å½“åœ°å±…æ°‘åˆ°é…’åº—å‰æŠ—è®®ç¤ºå¨ã€‚äº‹å‘æ—¶æ£å€¼å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€å…å三周年的翌日。
于星期二(12月12æ—¥)å¼€å¼ çš„å—äº¬å¸‚ç››å²›å¤§é…’åº—é™„è¿‘æœ¬æ¥æœ‰ä¸€é¢çºªå¿µå¤§å± æ€çš„纪念碑,但纪念碑在酒店修建过程ä¸è¢«æŽ¨å€’移走。
æ ¹æ®é¦™æ¸¯åª’体的报é“,纪念碑已ç»è¢«åˆ†ä¸ºä¸‰å—,放在酒店附近的æ¦å®šé—¨çš„城墙。
"å–国贼"
愤怒的居民在酒店å‰ä¸¾è¡Œç¤ºå¨ã€‚他们å‘酒店投掷石å—ï¼Œé…’åº—å¤§éƒ¨åˆ†çª—æˆ·çŽ»ç’ƒè¢«ç ¸ç¢Žï¼Œè½åœ°çŽ»ç’ƒå¤§é—¨ä¹Ÿè¢«ç ¸çƒ‚ï¼Œéƒ¨ä»½ç¤ºå¨è€…还亮出"å–国贼"çš„æ ‡è¯ï¼Œé…’店大门的玻璃上被涂写上"å–国走狗"四个å—。
æ ¹æ®ä¸å›½å®˜æ–¹æŠ¥ç« 《人民日报》的报é“,"ä¾µåŽæ—¥å†›å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€æ£è§‰å¯ºé‡éš¾åŒèƒžçºªå¿µç¢‘"原åè½åœ¨å—京长ä¹è·¯å’Œæ±Ÿå®è·¯äº¤å‰è·¯å£ã€å¤åŸŽå¢™æ¦å®šé—¨çš„内侧。
1937å¹´12月13æ—¥ï¼Œä¾µåŽæ—¥å†›åœ¨æ¤å°†è¯¥å¯ºåƒ§äººæ…§å…†ç‰17人集体枪æ€ï¼Œæ—¥å†›è¿˜åœ¨ä¸åŽé—¨å¤–将尼姑真行ç‰äººæ€å®³ã€‚
1987å¹´12æœˆï¼Œä¾µåŽæ—¥å†›å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€50å‘¨å¹´ç¥æ—¥ï¼Œå—äº¬å¸‚äººæ°‘æ”¿åºœåœ¨æ¤æ ‘立纪念碑,以"悼念æ»è€…,永戒åŽäººï¼Œé“记历å²ï¼ŒæŒ¯å…´ä¸åŽ"。
官员å£å¾„ä¸ä¸€
ä¸å›½ä¸æ–°ç¤¾æŠ¥é“,这å—纪念碑原æ¥åœ¨é…’店æ—边,å¯èƒ½æœ‰äººè§‰å¾—它妨ç¢é…’店的施工而将它移走。
å—京市所在的江è‹çœæ–‡åŒ–åŽ…æ–‡ç‰©å¤„è¡¨ç¤ºï¼Œä»–ä»¬å¯¹ç§»ç¢‘äº‹ä»¶äº‹ä¸€æ— æ‰€çŸ¥ï¼Œ å¹¶æŒ‡å‡ºè¯¥é…’åº—çš„åšæ³•æ˜¯è¿æ³•的。
ç„¶è€Œï¼Œæ ¹æ®ä¸å›½å®˜æ–¹ã€Šäººæ°‘日报》引述å—京市文物局有关负责人的è¯è¯´ï¼Œæ£è§‰å¯ºçºªå¿µç¢‘ä¸å±žäºŽæ–‡ç‰©ï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥æ— 须报批。
一些å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€å—害者被活埋
他们认为,"ä¾µåŽæ—¥å†›å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€é‡éš¾åŒèƒžçºªå¿µé¦†"是çœçº§æ–‡ç‰©ä¿æŠ¤å•ä½ï¼Œè€Œçºªå¿µç¢‘åªæ˜¯ä¾µåŽæ—¥å†›å¤§å± æ€çš„"æ ‡å¿—ç‰©"ï¼Œæœ¬èº«ä¸æ˜¯æ–‡ç‰©ï¼Œä¹Ÿéžçœçº§ä¿æŠ¤çš„æ–‡ç‰©ã€‚å› æ¤æ— 须江è‹çœæ–‡åŒ–厅报批,å—äº¬å¸‚æ–‡ç‰©å±€å°±æœ‰æƒæ‰¹å‡†å†³å®šå°†å…¶ç§»èµ°ã€‚
å—京市文物局的分管局长则表示,事先已知é“äº‹æƒ…å¹¶åŒæ„将其移走。
纪念碑选å€å…·çºªå¿µæ„义
但"ä¾µåŽæ—¥å†›å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€é‡éš¾åŒèƒžçºªå¿µé¦†"的一ä½è´Ÿè´£è¡¨ç¤ºï¼Œå—京全市现å˜çš„å七å—çºªå¿µç¢‘çš„åœ°ç‚¹ï¼Œæ˜¯æ ¹æ®å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€æ—¶é›†ä½“å± æ€æˆ–大型墓地é—å€è€Œé€‰å®šçš„。
负责人说,纪念碑的地点具有特别æ„义,ä¸èƒ½é𿄿›´åŠ¨ã€‚å³ä½¿å°†æ¥é‡æ–°å†å»º, 也会失去悼念è¦ç¤ºçš„æ„ä¹‰ã€‚
事件在ä¸å›½å¼•起许多网民的关注,在《人民日报》的留言版网站上å¯ä»¥çœ‹åˆ°å¾ˆå¤šç½‘民在争论。
æ®æŠ¥ï¼Œå½“åœ°æ—¶é—´æ˜ŸæœŸå››(12月14æ—¥)ä¸åˆä»æœ‰æ•°ç™¾åå—京市民èšé›†åœ¨é…’店的门å£ï¼Œé…’åº—å¤§å ‚å†…ä¸€ç‰‡ç‹¼ç±ã€‚
æ®ä¿¡ï¼Œç››å²›å¤§é…’店是由å—京ä¸å¿ƒå¤§é…’店和å—京市国际信托投资公å¸åˆèµ„兴建,负责建ç‘的工程人员表示拆碑是ç»è¿‡å—äº¬å¸‚æ–‡ç‰©å±€æ‰¹å‡†åŒæ„的。
>详细报é“内容
2000å¹´01月20æ—¥ æ ¼æž—å°¼æ²»æ ‡å‡†æ—¶é—´08:26北京时间16:26å‘表
å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€æ˜¯ä¸æ˜¯è°Žè¨€ï¼Ÿ
æˆåƒä¸Šä¸‡å…·å°¸ä½“è¢«åŸ‹åœ¨æ²Ÿæ¸ ä¹‹ä¸
æˆåƒä¸Šä¸‡å…·å°¸ä½“è¢«åŸ‹åœ¨æ²Ÿæ¸ ä¹‹ä¸
一些日本人得到许å¯å°†å¦‚期在大阪举行关于å¦è®¤å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€çš„ç ”è®¨ä¼šã€‚
星期天将在日本大阪举行的这次会议的题目是,"å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€çœŸç›¸ï¼ŒäºŒå世纪最大的谎言"。
ä¼šè®®çš„ç»„ç»‡è€…è¯´ï¼Œä»–ä»¬å°†è¯æ˜Žæœ‰å…³å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€çš„说法被严é‡åœ°å¤¸å¤§äº†ã€‚
ä¼šè®®å°†æ’æ”¾ä¸€äº›ä¸€ä¹ä¸‰ä¸ƒå¹´åœ¨å—京的日本军人和è¦å®˜å‡ºé¢ä½œè¯çš„录象。
一å历å²å¦æ•™æŽˆå°†åœ¨ä¼šä¸Šè®²è¿°è‡ªå·±æœ‰å…³å± æ€è¢«å¤¸å¤§äº†çš„观点。
ä¸€äº›å¹³æ°‘æ®æŠ¥è¢«æ´»åŸ‹
当年日本军队å 领å—京时的情况究竟如何,这一直是一个引起严é‡äº‰è®ºçš„è¯é¢˜ã€‚
ä¸å›½è¯´ï¼Œæ—¥å†›å± æ€äº†ä¸‰å万平民。其他历å²å¦å®¶ä¹Ÿè®¤ä¸ºï¼Œæ—¥å†›è‡³å°‘å± æ€äº†åå››ä¸‡äººã€‚ä½†æ˜¯æ—¥æœ¬çš„ä¸€äº›äººåšæŒè¯´ï¼Œæ—¥å†›å 领å—京时没有å‘生暴行。
这次会议将在日本大阪的国际和平ä¸å¿ƒä¸¾è¡Œã€‚负责管ç†è¿™ä¸ªä¸å¿ƒçš„当地政府的官员表示,他们ä¸èƒ½å–æ¶ˆè¿™æ¬¡ä¼šè®®ï¼Œå› ä¸ºè¿™æ ·åšå°†ç ´å宪法规定的言论自由。但是他们说,他们在作出决定å‰è¿›è¡Œäº†è®¤çœŸçš„讨论。
大阪国际和平ä¸å¿ƒè¿˜è¯´ï¼Œä»–们也举办了表明日本士兵的确在å—京犯下暴行的展览。
ä¸å›½æ”¿åºœå’Œæ—¥æœ¬çš„和平组织都抗议举行这次会议。
组织会议的这个åå«"æ¾„æ¸…ç‰‡é¢æˆ˜äº‰å±•览"的组织认为,有关日本在战争ä¸è¡Œä¸ºçš„通常说法是ä¸å…¬æ£çš„,而且没有åšå®žçš„è¯æ®ã€‚他们还认为,å‘生在å—äº¬çš„äº‹ä»¶åªæ˜¯æˆ˜äº‰çš„ä¸€éƒ¨åˆ†ï¼Œè¢«æ€æ»çš„æ˜¯å†›äººï¼Œè€Œä¸æ˜¯å¹³æ°‘
12. ç¾Žå›½ä¹‹éŸ³ï¼šå¼ çº¯å¦‚ç”Ÿå‰å¤šæ¬¡éæå“å¨èƒ
美国之音记者方冰纽约报导ï¼ã€Šå—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹ä¸€ä¹¦çš„作者ã€36å²çš„é’å¹´ä½œå®¶å¼ çº¯å¦‚çªç„¶è‡ªæ€èº«äº¡çš„æ¶ˆæ¯ï¼Œéœ‡æƒŠäº†çº½çº¦åŽäººç¤¾åŒºã€‚ç†Ÿæ‚‰å¼ çº¯å¦‚çš„åŽè£”äººå£«è®¤ä¸ºï¼Œå¼ çº¯å¦‚ä»¥å…¶è¿½æ±‚åŽ†å²çœŸç›¸çš„勇气和æ‰åŽï¼Œé‡æ–°æç¤ºäº†äºŒæ¬¡ä¸–界大战ä¸å‘生在ä¸å›½çš„那段悲惨历å²ã€‚但éšåŽå¥¹ä¸æ–收到的å¨èƒä¿¡ä»¶å’Œç”µè¯ï¼Œä½¿å¾—å¥¹ä¸€ç›´ç”Ÿæ´»åœ¨ææƒ§ä¹‹ä¸ï¼Œå¿§éƒç—‡ä¸æ–åŠ æ·±ã€‚
英æ‰è¾žä¸–纽约痛悼
星期å…ï¼Œäºšå¤ªäº‹åŠ¡ç ”ç©¶ä¸å¿ƒåœ¨çº½çº¦æ³•æ‹‰ç››ä¸¾è¡Œå¼ çº¯å¦‚è¿½æ‚¼ä¼šã€‚ä¸€äº›ç†Ÿæ‚‰å¼ çº¯å¦‚çš„äººå£«åœ¨ä¼šä¸Šé«˜åº¦è¯„ä»·å¼ çº¯å¦‚ä½œä¸ºä¸€åæœ‰å½±å“力的作家和优秀的年轻历å²å¦å®¶åœ¨çŸçŸä¸€ç”Ÿä¸åšå‡ºçš„æˆå°±ï¼Œå…¶ä¸æœ€é‡è¦çš„æ˜¯ã€Šå—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ï¼šä¸€åœºè¢«é—忘的浩劫》一书的出版,使这一原先ä¸ä¸ºè¥¿æ–¹ä¸–界é‡è§†çš„历å²äº‹ä»¶å¼•起了美国主æµç¤¾ä¼šçš„关注。
*美国198æŠ¥åˆŠåˆŠç™»è‡ªæ€æ¶ˆæ¯*
国际笔会æˆå‘˜ã€ä½œå®¶ä¸›è‹è¯´ï¼Œå…¨ç¾Žå›½æœ‰198个书报æ‚å¿—åˆŠç™»äº†å¼ çº¯å¦‚è‡ªæ€èº«äº¡çš„æ¶ˆæ¯ï¼Œå¯è§å¥¹çš„å½±å“力之大。而她最出å的书就是在纽约时报高居最畅销排行榜达2个月之久的《å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹ã€‚丛è‹è¯´ï¼Œå› 为她的这本书,使这一历å²äº‹ä»¶è¿›å…¥äº†è‹±æ–‡ä¸–界的视野。
(chinesenewsnet.com)
*å¼ çº¯å¦‚ç€ä½œå½±å“深远* (chinesenewsnet.com)
äºšå¤ªäº‹åŠ¡ç ”ç©¶ä¸å¿ƒè´Ÿè´£äººé™ˆå®ªå¿ æ˜¯çº½çº¦æœ€æ—©çš„å¯¹æ—¥ç´¢èµ”ç»„ç»‡çš„è´Ÿè´£äººä¹‹ä¸€ã€‚ä»–è¯´ï¼Œå¼ çº¯å¦‚çš„ä¹¦æ˜¯ä»–ä»¬å°†è¿‘20年辛勤æ’ç§åŽçš„开花结果。他说:“我们所有人åšçš„都ä¸å¦‚å¼ çº¯å¦‚ä¸€ä¸ªäººçš„å½±å“力大â€ã€‚
é™ˆå®ªå¿ è¯´ï¼šâ€œåƒå¥¹è¿™æ ·æœ‰æ‰æ°”çš„äººï¼Œè¿™æ ·é€ä¸–对ä¸å›½äººå®žåœ¨æ˜¯èŽ«å¤§èŽ«å¤§çš„æŸå¤±ã€‚这本书的影å“éžå¸¸å¤§ï¼Œæˆ‘们åšäº†è¿™ä¹ˆå¤šå¹´éƒ½æ²¡æœ‰å¥¹è¿™æœ¬ä¹¦çš„æ•ˆåŠ›å¤§ã€‚â€(chinesenewsnet.com)
*勇敢æç¤ºåŽè£”在美ç»åކ* (chinesenewsnet.com)
ç€åè®°å½•ç”µå½±åˆ¶ä½œäººå´”æ˜Žæ…§è¯´ï¼Œå¦‚æžœä¸€ä¸ªäººè¦æ°¸ç”Ÿï¼Œå°±å¿…须生活得有æ„ä¹‰ï¼Œå¼ çº¯å¦‚åšåˆ°äº†è¿™ä¸€ç‚¹ã€‚她留下了丰富的é—äº§ã€‚å´”æ˜Žæ…§è¯´ï¼šâ€œå¼ çº¯å¦‚æ˜¯ç¬¬äºŒä»£ç¾Žç±åŽè£”。她ä¸ä»…勇敢地探索了ä¸å›½çš„历å²äº‹ä»¶ï¼Œä¹Ÿæç¤ºäº†åŽè£”在美国的ç»åŽ†ã€‚æˆ‘æƒ³å¥¹åº”è¯¥å¯ä»¥å®‰æ¯ã€‚â€(chinesenewsnet.com)
å¼ çº¯å¦‚åŽ»å¹´å‡ºç‰ˆäº†å¥¹çš„ç¬¬ä¸‰æœ¬ä¹¦ã€ŠåŽè£”美国人》,讲述了ä¸å›½ç§»æ°‘的历å²ä»¥åŠä»–们的åŽä»£åœ¨ç¾Žå›½ç”Ÿæ´»çš„状况。《洛æ‰çŸ¶æ—¶æŠ¥ä¹¦è¯„》称æ¤ä¹¦æ—¢æ˜¯åŽäººç§»æ°‘çš„æ•…äº‹ï¼Œåˆæ˜¯ç¾Žå›½å²è¯—çš„ä¸€éƒ¨ä»½ã€‚å¼ çº¯å¦‚çš„ç¬¬ä¸€éƒ¨ç€ä½œã€Šæ˜¥èš•åä¸ã€‹è®²è¿°äº†ä¸å›½çš„å¯¼å¼¹ä¹‹çˆ¶é’±å¦æ£®åœ¨éº¦å¡é”¡ä¸»ä¹‰æµªæ½®ä¸‹çš„éé‡ã€‚
(chinesenewsnet.com)
*精神忧éƒç—‡å¯èƒ½å¯¼è‡´è‡ªæ€* (chinesenewsnet.com)
在追悼会上å‘è¨€çš„äººå£«ï¼Œå¯¹äºŽè¿™æ ·ä¸€ä½å¹´è½»çš„作家ã€äººæƒå’Œç¤¾ä¼šæ´»åŠ¨å®¶ä»¥è‡ªæ€æ–¹å¼ç»“æŸè‡ªå·±çš„生命感到ä¸å¯ç†è§£ã€‚他们认为,å¯èƒ½å¯¼è‡´å¼ 纯如自æ€çš„精神忧éƒç—‡åŒå¥¹çš„《å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹ä¸€ä¹¦å‡ºç‰ˆåŽå—到的ä¸ä¸ºå¤–人所知的沉é‡åŽ‹åŠ›æœ‰ç€å¯†åˆ‡å…³ç³»ã€‚
(chinesenewsnet.com)
*æå“信和电è¯ä¼¼æ¥è‡ªæ—¥æœ¬å³ç¿¼äººå£«* (chinesenewsnet.com)
纽约大å¦ç”µå½±ç³»ä¸»ä»»å´”明慧说,2003å¹´å¤å¤©ï¼Œå¥¹ä¸ºæ‹æ‘„钱妿£®ä¸€ç‰‡é‡‡è®¿è¿‡å¼ 纯如。在采访过程ä¸ï¼Œå´”æ˜Žæ…§äº†è§£åˆ°å¼ çº¯å¦‚åœ¨ã€Šå—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹å‡ºç‰ˆä¹‹åŽï¼Œä¸æ–收到疑似日本å³ç¿¼äººå£«çš„æå“信和电è¯ã€‚这些年æ¥å¥¹ä¸€ç›´ç”Ÿæ´»åœ¨ææƒ§ä¹‹ä¸ï¼Œç›´åˆ°å¥¹ç”¨æ‰‹æžªç»“æŸäº†è‡ªå·±çš„生命。
(chinesenewsnet.com)
崔明慧说:“有人打电è¯ã€å†™å¨èƒä¿¡ï¼Œå¥¹éƒ½è‡ªå·±æ‰¿å—ç€ï¼Œå¥¹æŠŠè¿™äº›äº‹æƒ…告诉了我,告诉了她的律师。我认为这就是为什么她会有一把枪。â€(chinesenewsnet.com)
*å¼ çº¯å¦‚ä¸æ•¢é€éœ²å®¶åºä¿¡æ¯* (chinesenewsnet.com)
崔明慧说,这些å¨èƒä¿¡å’Œç”µè¯ï¼Œä½¿å¾—å¼ çº¯å¦‚ä¸æ–å˜æ¢ç”µè¯å·ç ï¼Œå¹³æ—¶ä¸æ•¢æ‰“电è¯ï¼Œåªç”¨ç”µåä¿¡ä»¶è”ç»œï¼Œç”šè‡³ä¸æ•¢åœ¨å®¶é‡ŒæŽ¥å—é‡‡è®¿ï¼Œä¸æ•¢å‘朋å‹é€éœ²ä¸ˆå¤«å’Œå©å的信æ¯ã€‚å´”æ˜Žæ…§è¯´ï¼Œå¥¹æ›¾é—®èµ·å¼ çº¯å¦‚ã€‚
(chinesenewsnet.com)
å´”æ˜Žæ…§è¯´ï¼šâ€œæˆ‘è¯´æ²¡æƒ³åˆ°ä½ ç»“å©šæœ‰å©å。她说是啊,我有个å°å©å。她说最好ä¸è¦å‘Šè¯‰åˆ«äººã€‚我说为什么呢?她说,她éžå¸¸æ‹…心他的安全。在车åé‡Œï¼Œå¥¹å†æ¬¡è·Ÿæˆ‘讲,她收到很多神秘的信和电è¯ï¼Œå¿ƒé‡Œéžå¸¸éžå¸¸ç´§å¼ 。â€(chinesenewsnet.com)
*æ—¥å³ç¿¼åŠ¿åŠ›æ”»å‡»å¼ çº¯å¦‚* (chinesenewsnet.com)
纪念《å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹å—éš¾åŒèƒžè”åˆä¼šé¡¾é—®ã€åŒ»ç”Ÿå§œå›½é•‡è¯´ï¼Œã€Šå—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹åœ¨æ—¥æœ¬å‡ºç‰ˆå—åˆ°å¤šæ–¹é˜»æŒ ï¼ŒåŽŸå…ˆç”åº”å‡ºç‰ˆçš„å‡ºç‰ˆç¤¾ï¼Œå› ä¸ºå—到å¨èƒå–æ¶ˆäº†å‡ºç‰ˆè®¡åˆ’ã€‚åŽæ¥æ¤ä¹¦ç”±ä¸€å®¶å·¦æ´¾å‡ºç‰ˆç¤¾å‡ºç‰ˆåŽåˆé日本å³ç¿¼åŠ¿åŠ›çš„æ”»å‡»ã€‚
(chinesenewsnet.com)
姜国镇说:“她当时承å—的压力éžå¸¸å¤§ï¼Œæ—¥æœ¬çš„å³ç¿¼ä¸ä»…åœ¨æ–‡ç« ä¸Šæ”»å‡»å¥¹ï¼ŒæŠ¥çº¸ä¸Šæ”»å‡»å¥¹ï¼Œç”šè‡³äººèº«æ”»å‡»éžå¸¸åŽ‰å®³ï¼Œéª‚äº†å¾ˆå¤šä¸å¥½å¬çš„è¯ã€‚â€(chinesenewsnet.com)
*å¼ çº¯å¦‚ï¼šçœŸç›¸ä¸å¯æ¯ç* (chinesenewsnet.com)
星期å…ï¼Œè®¸å¤šè¯»è¿‡å¼ çº¯å¦‚ä¹¦çš„åŽè£”民众,在看了报导åŽä¹Ÿçº·çº·å‰æ¥ä¸ºå¥¹åŠå”ã€‚ä¼šä¸Šæ”¾æ˜ äº†å¼ çº¯å¦‚1998å¹´3æœˆå‰æ¥çº½çº¦ä¸ºã€Šå—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹ä¸€ä¹¦ä½œæŽ¨å¹¿æ´»åŠ¨æ—¶åº”é‚€å‘è¡¨æ¼”è®²çš„å½•å½±ã€‚å¼ çº¯å¦‚åœ¨æ¼”è®²ä¸æ˜¾ç¤ºäº†å¥¹ä¸ºè¿½æ±‚历å²çœŸç›¸é”²è€Œä¸èˆçš„决心。
(chinesenewsnet.com)
å¼ çº¯å¦‚è¯´ï¼šâ€œæˆ‘ç›¸ä¿¡æœ€ç»ˆçœŸç›¸å°†å¤§ç™½äºŽå¤©ä¸‹ã€‚çœŸç›¸æ˜¯ä¸å¯æ¯ç的,真相是没有国界的,真相是没有政治倾å‘的。我们大家è¦åŒå¿ƒå力,以确ä¿çœŸç›¸è¢«ä¿å˜ã€è¢«ç‰¢è®°ã€‚使《å—äº¬å¤§å± æ€ã€‹é‚£æ ·çš„æ‚²å‰§æ°¸ä¸å†å‘生。â€
13. At the Rape of Nanking: A Nazi
Who Saved Lives
The New York Times
December 12, 1996
When the invading Japanese Army overran the Nationalist
Chinese capital in December 1937, soldiers embarked on
a two-month rampage of looting, rape and killing that
left tens of thousands of Chinese civilians dead in what
became known as the Rape of Nanking.
Now a recently unearthed diary reveals an unlikely rescuer
of thousands of Chinese: a German businessman living in
China who was the leader of the local Nazi organization.
The businessman, John Rabe, kept a 1,200-page diary that
provides a rare third-party account of the atrocities.
In it, he writes of digging foxholes in his backyard to
shelter 650 Chinese and of repelling Japanese troops who
tried to climb over the wall, of dashing through war-torn
areas to deliver rice, and of stopping Japanese soldiers
from raping Chinese women. He even wrote to Hitler to
complain about the Japanese actions.
''These escapades were quite dangerous,'' he wrote in
his diary. ''The Japanese had pistols and bayonets and
I -- as mentioned before -- had only party symbols and
my swastika armband.''
Mr. Rabe (pronounced RAH-bay), who died in 1950, lived
and worked in China from 1908 to 1938. His diary sheds
light on a heretofore little-known man, who, although
a Nazi loyalist, risked his life and his status to save
people who would later become his country's enemies.
Indeed, Mr. Rabe's outspoken support for the Chinese
upon his return to Germany appears to have ruined his
career.
Some who have followed his case say that he, like Oskar
Schindler, the German industrialist who protected Jews
under very different circumstances, offers another example
of the durability of humanitarian impulses in the cruelest
of times.
Scholars say Mr. Rabe's diary, which includes reports
from other foreign observers, photos and other memorabilia,
is valuable not so much for revealing new historical facts,
but because it provides an unusually detailed and personal
account from a German witness to an incident considered
among the most brutal in modern warfare. They believe
the diary to be authentic, because American missionaries
in China who were Mr. Rabe's contemporaries knew of his
actions and supplied similar accounts of atrocities.
The diary also offers a counterweight to claims by some
Japanese officials who have long denied either the existence
or the scale of the massacre in Nanking, which is now
known as Nanjing.
''It's an incredibly gripping and depressing narrative,
done very carefully with an enormous amount of detail
and drama,'' said William C. Kirby, a professor of modern
Chinese history at Harvard University, who has read parts
of the diary in German. ''It will reopen this case in
a very important way in that people can go through the
day-by-day account and add 100 to 200 stories to what
is popularly known.''
The diary has only now come to light because of the efforts
of Iris Chang, a Sunnyvale, Calif., author. While researching
a book on the Nanjing massacre a few years ago, she stumbled
upon a few references to Mr. Rabe's humanitarian efforts.
She tracked down Mr. Rabe's granddaughter, Ursula Reinhardt,
in Berlin, and upon discovering that Mr. Rabe had kept
a diary, persuaded the family to make it public.
That will formally happen today at a news conference
at the Hotel Intercontinental in New York, with Mrs. Reinhardt
among those expected to attend. The public announcement
is being organized by the Alliance in Memory of Victims
of the Nanjing Massacre, a Chinese-American group, said
Tzuping Shao, a past president. Eventually, copies of
the diary are to be donated to Yale Divinity School Library
and Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall, in China.
Martha L. Smalley, research services librarian at Yale
Divinity School, said Mr. Rabe's accounts are corroborated
by documents on display at a current Yale exhibition called
''American Missionary Eyewitnesses to the Nanjing Massacre.''
One such missionary, Robert O. Wilson, a Harvard-trained
doctor who worked in China in the 1930's, wrote of Mr.
Rabe:
''He is well up in Nazi circles and after coming into
such close contact with him as we have for the past few
weeks and discover$(ing$) what a splendid man he is and
what a tremendous heart he has, it is hard to reconcile
his personality with his adulation of 'Der Fuhrer.' ''
It is not clear whether Mr. Rabe embraced the oppression
of Jews and other groups in Nazi Germany. He lived outside
Germany during the time of Hitler's rise to power, and
there is no record of the extent of his activities in
the Nazi Party after he returned to Germany in 1938, according
to Ms. Chang. Because scholars, who received the diary
only a few days ago, have not finished reading it, they
cannot say if it contains expressions of anti-Semitism.
But Mr. Rabe was outspoken in his support for Nazism.
In a lecture he delivered after his return to Germany
in February 1938, he said, ''Although I feel tremendous
sympathy for the suffering of China, I am still, above
all, pro-German and I believe not only in the correctness
of our political system but, as an organizer of the party,
I am behind the system 100 percent.''
Born in Hamburg in 1882, Mr. Rabe spent much of his life
in China working for the Siemens Company, rising to become
its top representative there, selling telephones, turbines
and electrical equipment. His children and grandchildren
were born in China, and he had many Chinese friends. He
spoke Chinese fluently.
But by 1937, Hitler's Germany was shifting its loyalties
away from China and toward Japan. So when Japanese forces
converged on Nanjing, many Germans who were working in
China felt torn, Professor Kirby said.
Mr. Rabe was ordered by Siemens to leave for the safer
grounds of Wuhan, a few hundred miles west on the Yangtze
River. But he refused. Instead, he became chairman of
a group of about two dozen German and American missionaries,
doctors and professors who established a neutral zone
in Nanjing as a haven for Chinese refugees.
It was a daunting task. Mr. Rabe witnessed people who
were shot, doused with gasoline and burned alive. He saw
bodies of women lanced with beer bottles and bamboo sticks.
In his diary entry for Jan. 1, 1938, Mr. Rabe wrote: ''The
mother of a young attractive girl called out to me, and
throwing herself on her knees, crying, said I should help
her. Upon entering $(the house$), I saw a Japanese soldier
lying completely naked on a young girl, who was crying
hysterically. I yelled at this swine, in any language
it would be understood, 'Happy New Year!' and he fled
from there, naked and with his pants in his hand.''
In another entry, referring to the Chinese he had hidden,
Mr. Rabe wrote that it was hard to sleep with 650 people
snoring in his backyard. On Dec. 10, with water and power
failing and the city ringed by fire, he noticed that his
canary, Peter, sang in rhythm to the sound of gunfire.
Upon his return to Germany in February 1938, Mr. Rabe
wrote a letter to Hitler, asking him to persuade Japan
to stop the atrocities. But he was arrested by the Gestapo,
interrogated for three days and ordered to keep silent
on the subject.
From there Mr. Rabe's life headed into a downward spiral.
Between 1938 and 1945, Mr. Rabe worked on and off for
the Siemens Company, including a brief stint in Afghanistan.
As World War II intensified, Mr. Rabe wrote increasingly
in his diary about hunger and the ravages of war; he and
his family in Berlin had to eat nettles and acorn soup.
Because Mr. Rabe was one of the about 9 percent of Germans
who were members of the Nazi party, he had to petition
to be de-Nazified by the Allies after the war in order
to hold a job. His first petition was denied, and Mr.
Rabe had to appeal.
Ultimately, in June 1946, Mr. Rabe was granted de-Nazification
status because of his humanitarian acts in China, according
to Ms. Chang. But the investigation proved draining, and
he died of a stroke in 1950.
''He was humiliated because he had to go through de-Nazification,''
Mrs. Reinhardt said in a telephone interview from her
home in Berlin.
Mr. Rabe's diary may bolster the efforts of Chinese organizations
like Mr. Shao's alliance, who contend that as many as
300,000 Chinese were killed in Nanjing massacres, to extract
an apology, or possibly war reparations, from the Japanese
Government. Unlike Germany, Japan has been perceived as
resisting responsibility for wartime atrocities. Some
high-ranking Japanese officials, including a former Minister
of Justice, Shigeto Nagano, maintain the incident never
happened.
Ms. Chang, whose book, ''The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten
Holocaust of World War II,'' is to be published next year
by Basic Books, said of Mr. Rabe: ''I think he felt that
he could make a difference, that if Germany knew what
Japan was doing, then maybe Germany could have influenced
Japan to stop it. It may have been naivete. But to me,
John Rabe is the Oskar Schindler of China, another example
of good in the face of evil.''
|